Hesydrus palustris Simon and H. habilis (O.P.-Cambridge) are redescribed. Four new species are described: H. caripito, H. yacuiba and H. chanchamayo are described only from females, and H. canar from both male and female specimens. Hesydrus monticola Chamberlin is a junior synonym of H. palustris. Hesydrus bucculentus Simon is a senior synonym of Trechalea cezariana Mello-Leitão. Hesydrus estebanensis Simon is transferred to the genus Enna O.P.-Cambridge. Hesydrus ornatus Mello-Leitão and H. bivittatus Mello-Leitão, known only from unidentifiable spiderling holotypes, are regarded as nomina dubia. Coincidence of geographic distributions of Hesydrus and Trechalea are noted.