Forty two species of the family Noctuidae, excluding Saragossa siccanorum poecilographa Varga & Ronkay, 1991 are first reported form the Khabr National Park, Kerman, Iran. Cucullia cineracea argyllacea Hacker, Ronkay & Ronkay, 1990 is first reported for Iran. The distribution of each species is presented. Adults are illustrated together with notes on phenology and regional occurrence for each taxon. Maps illustrate the location of the Khabr National Park and its geographical location.

Lymantria (Lymantria) lucescens (Butler) collections and observations were made at Toyota and Azumino, Honshu, Japan. Larvae are now recorded to feed on Fagaceae (Quercus, four species); Ulmaceae (Ulmus and Zelkova) and Moraceae (Morus). During the moth flight (July in Toyota), both sexes (but only 15% females) were attracted to commercial lighting and settled on lit surfaces such as storefronts. Females (wingspan av. 72 mm) carried on average 758 eggs each. Periodicity of male moths responding to either synthetic sex pheromone or to visible lights showed that flight activity peaked between 2000 and 2100 h. Three different larval parasitoids from L. lucescens were recovered. L. lucescens is discussed in light of attributes favoring its potential invasiveness.

During rearing studies, larvae of 41 Pacific Northwest butterfly species from three families (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae and Pieridae) were identified as possessing a prosternal gland. Observations on larvae of Argynnis spp. (Nymphalidae) showed the gland appeared in the second instar as a pale-colored ventral suture. Rough handling of final instars caused eversion of a single-lobed papilla and emission of a ‘musky’ odor. The prosternal glands of all nymphalid and hesperid larvae examined were similar morphologically but the pierids, Neophasia menapia and Nathalis iole possessed a pair of bi-lobed glands. Chemical analyses revealed that the glands of final instar Argynnis spp. contained hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, carboxylic acids and acetate esters. Dodecene or dodecanol and/or associated alkanes and acetate esters occurred in nearly all Argynnis samples as well as in the glands of N. menapia (Pieridae) and Polites sonora (Hesperiidae) larvae. These compounds have a dispersive function in other arthropods. Terpenoid compounds were found in most samples and likely have a defensive function. Glands contained other potentially defensive compounds including disulfides, squalene, acridine, diphenyl ether and diphenylamine. Based on these preliminary data, the prosternal gland appears to have at least two functions in butterfly larvae: defense and dispersion. The apparent widespread occurrence of prosternal glands in larvae of Nymphalidae and Hesperiidae suggests that this gland is important in the ecology of many species although experimental evidence for function is needed.

The immature stages of the Neotropical mistletoe butterfly Cunizza hirlanda planasia Fruhstorfer (Pieridae: Anthocharidini) are described and illustrated for the first time from cerrado areas of Central Brazil Plateau. Eggs are laid in small loose clusters (2–7 eggs) on new red leaves of the mistletoe Passovia ovata (Pohl ex DC.) Kuijt (Loranthaceae). Larvae are semi-gregarious and underwent five instars. Host plant use, morphology, and behavior of immature stages are similar to those of related genera in the Hesperocharis group of Anthocharidini.

Fourteen populations of the montane butterfly E. gillettii Barnes were surveyed initially during 1982–1984 and again during 2002–2006 to assess reasons for decline, extirpation, and colonization. Surveys were conducted by counting egg masses at each site soon after the flight period. Seven of the 14 populations disappeared between the two surveys because of vegetative succession, drying of meadow habitats, and isolation from other colonies. Populations at low elevations and low latitude were more likely to die out; colonies that were part of a metapopulation were more likely to survive. One population reestablished at a high elevation site where the habitat remained moist. The vegetation had changed conspicuously at all sites where the butterflies were extirpated, with climate change being implicated in the drying of the habitats. Given the modest number of known populations, continued attention to the status of the species is warranted.

The biology and early stages of Eccopsis galapagana Razowski & Landry are described and illustrated for the first time; details of the adult behavior also are provided. Under outbreak conditions the species has become a serious pest in silvopastoral systems of algarrobo tree (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; Fabaceae) in Colombia. Although African members of the genus Eccopsis feed on a variety of different host plant families (e.g., Fabaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Sterculiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Flagellariaceae, and Rutaceae), New World species of Eccopsis are recorded only from Fabaceae.

The new phycitine species Lipographis unicolor is described from Catron Co., New Mexico. Adults and genitalia are illustrated.

The new species Antaeotricha utahensis is described from San Juan Co., Utah and Catron, Grant and Santa Fe counties, New Mexico. Adults and genitalia are illustrated.