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13 December 2019 Opening a Window on Southwestern Monarchs: Fall Migrant Monarch Butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.), Tagged Synchronously in Southeastern Arizona Migrate to Overwintering Regions in Either Southern California or Central Mexico
Joe Billings
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

During 2014-16, extensive field studies were conducted on wild migrating monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) at origin (southeast Arizona) and destination (California) locations. From a total of 3194 monarchs tagged, 44 (1.4%) were recovered at distances from 789 to 1193 km (California) and 1631 to 1736 km (Mexico). Thirty two (1.0%) monarchs were recovered in California and 12 (0.4%) in Mexico. In 2016, the year with the majority of tagged butterflies, 1810 monarchs were tagged and 23 (1.3%) recovered: 14 (0.8%) in California and 7 (0.4%) in Mexico. For the first time wild monarchs tagged in the same location and on the same day, were recovered at overwintering sites in both California and Mexico. This discovery indicates that monarch migration dynamics in the western United States are more complex than previously known and is supportive of a long-held hypothesized connection between eastern and western populations.

Joe Billings "Opening a Window on Southwestern Monarchs: Fall Migrant Monarch Butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.), Tagged Synchronously in Southeastern Arizona Migrate to Overwintering Regions in Either Southern California or Central Mexico," The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 73(4), 257-267, (13 December 2019). https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.73i4.a1
Received: 14 April 2019; Accepted: 15 May 2019; Published: 13 December 2019
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KEYWORDS
Asclepias subverticillata
concentrated nectar resource areas
Helianthus annuus
migration
Monarch butterfly
MonarchQuestAZ
overwintering regions
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