We utilize fruit and seed morphology to help clarify the taxonomy of the Chenopodium neomexicanum complex. All previously synonymized taxa are recovered, and one new species within this complex, Chenopodium sonorense Benet-Pierce & M. G. Simpson, is described. For all members of the complex we present a descriptive characterization. We include a dichotomous key for members of this species complex, integrating both reproductive and vegetative characters.