We planted 308 star cacti (Astrophytum asterias) in southern Texas on private ranches where existing populations were reduced or destroyed. Overall mortality was 48% with herbivory accounting for 34% of the mortality (50 of 148). Mortality varied among planting sites but was not influenced by initial size, even when cacti killed by herbivory were excluded. Mortality was highest during times with low precipitation or high temperatures. Surviving cacti on two sites increased in average size. Reintroduction through planting is a viable strategy for restoring populations of star cacti.