We report the known pre-settlement distribution of Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) in New Mexico, the late Pleistocene fossil record of Centrocercus in the state, the only known specimen from New Mexico, and review the introduction of nonnative greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) into the state. Fossil bones of sage-grouse have been reported from San Juan, Sandoval, Grant, Hidalgo, and Doña Ana counties, indicating a former widespread distribution. Sage-grouse were uncommon to rare in New Mexico based on reports of observers and travelers through the state prior to 1900, with only one known specimen. The last known report of the native sage-grouse in New Mexico was from near Chama in about 1912. At least 326 greater sage-grouse were transplanted into Taos (175), Rio Arriba (103), and San Juan (48) counties between 1933 and 1969 by the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; all of these introductions failed.