Cottonwood trees from 133 sources and 17 states were tested in eastern Kansas provenance study as part of the North Central regional forest Tree improvement Project (NC-99). Sources from the central region of the study grew well. Northern latitude sources had the poorest height growth. Southern source survival was very low. Trees from Missouri grew best. Twenty eight sources had 50 percent or better survival. Height growth had a strong relationship to seed source origin. Populations from latitudes similar to Kansas appear to be best for growth in Kansas.