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1 September 2021 Breeding Biology of Ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) in the Kashmir Himalayan Region of India
Iqram Ul Haq, Asad R. Rahmani, Bilal A. Bhat, Khursheed Ahmad, Sabeehah Rehman
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Abstract

This study aims to describe the breeding biology of Ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii), a poorly studied wader nesting on the River Sindh in Kashmir Himalayan region of India. A total of 16 nests were monitored during the breeding seasons (late February to late July) of Ibisbill in 2018 and 2019. Nest building was completed in 21-28 days on bare ground by tossing small pebbles into a shallow depression that had no special markings to the human eye (mean pebble size = 4.09 mm ± 1.26 SD x 6.23 ± 3.71 mm, n = 42). Nests measured 28.45 ± 1.75 cm × 18.91 ± 0.99 cm (n = 12). Eggs were laid in the first week of April with clutch size ranging from 2 to 4 eggs. Eggs were 50.58 ± 1.07 mm in length and 36.77 ± 0.85 mm in breadth (n = 5), with egg shape index of 72.23 ± 2.58 (range: 69.23 to 76.42). Incubation lasted 28-32 days, with 3 out of 19 observable eggs successfully hatched (15.79% hatching success). Fledging success was zero due to predation. Defensive behavior was directly observed for 16 nesting pairs during two breeding seasons. A total of 407 defensive incidents were recorded during incubation and chick stage, with both parents engaging in defense together and individually.

Iqram Ul Haq, Asad R. Rahmani, Bilal A. Bhat, Khursheed Ahmad, and Sabeehah Rehman "Breeding Biology of Ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) in the Kashmir Himalayan Region of India," Waterbirds 44(3), 356-632, (1 September 2021). https://doi.org/10.1675/063.044.0310
Received: 20 February 2021; Accepted: 7 August 2021; Published: 1 September 2021
KEYWORDS
fledging success
hatching success
Himalayas
Ibidorhyncha struthersii
Ibisbill
incubation period
Kashmir
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