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1 January 2011 On the Identity of the Weedy Bittercresses (Cardamine : Brassicaceae) in United States Nurseries: Evidence from Molecules and Morphology
Angela R Post, Regina Ali, Alexander Krings, Jenny Xiang, Brian R Sosinski, Joseph C Neal
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Bittercress (Brassicaceae) is one of the most prolific and costly weeds of the container nursery industry. Bittercress accessions from container nurseries throughout the major production zones in the United States were examined and compared with herbarium specimens. The identity of these weedy bittercress species were further explored using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the nrDNA region for the COP1-interacting protein 7 (CIP7). Four species of bittercress were detected in the nursery industry of the United States, including New Zealand bittercress, hairy bittercress, flexuous bittercress, and little bittercress. The taxon referred to here as Cardamine flexuosa With. (flexuous bittercress) likely contains two genotypes previously reported as European C. flexuosa and Asian C. flexuosa. Phylogenetic relationships between the four species we examined, particularly in relationship to flexuous bittercress, were not fully resolved by the molecular evidence generated for this study. New Zealand bittercress is nonnative and does not appear in current keys to the species for the United States. Flexuous bittercress is also an alien species, which appears in some U.S. keys but not in all. To aid nurserymen and botanists in identification of these four closely related bittercress species, a key was developed and is accompanied by detailed descriptions and illustrations.

Nomenclature Flexuous bittercress, Cardamine flexuosa With. CARFL; hairy bittercress, Cardamine hirsuta L. CARHI; Japanese bittercress, Cardamine scutata Thunb. CARSC; little bittercress, Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. CAROL; New Zealand bittercress, Cardamine corymbosa Hook f.

Weed Science Society of America
Angela R Post, Regina Ali, Alexander Krings, Jenny Xiang, Brian R Sosinski, and Joseph C Neal "On the Identity of the Weedy Bittercresses (Cardamine : Brassicaceae) in United States Nurseries: Evidence from Molecules and Morphology," Weed Science 59(1), 123-135, (1 January 2011). https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-D-10-00063.1
Received: 5 May 2010; Accepted: 1 August 2010; Published: 1 January 2011
KEYWORDS
bittercress
Cardamine
CIP7
ITS
key
MOLECULAR GENETICS
taxonomy
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