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1 March 2017 Glyphosate-Resistant Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus) Identified in Montana and Washington
Vipan Kumar, John F. Spring, Prashant Jha, Drew J. Lyon, Ian C. Burke
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Two putative glyphosate-resistant (GR) Russian-thistle accessions were collected from fallow fields (wheat—fallow rotation): one from Choteau County, MT (MT-R), and a second from Columbia County, WA (WA-R) in summer/fall of 2015. Greenhouse and outdoor/field whole-plant dose-response studies were conducted to confirm and characterize the levels of glyphosate resistance in these GR accessions relative to known glyphosate-susceptible accessions (MT-S and WA-S from MT and WA, respectively). Based on GR50 values of the progeny plants, the MT-R accession exhibited 4.5-fold and 5.9-fold resistance to glyphosate relative to the MT-S accession under greenhouse and outdoor conditions, respectively. The WA-R accession showed 3.0- to 5.0-fold resistance relative to the WA-S accession in greenhouse experiments, and 1.9- to 7.5-fold resistance in multi-site field experiments. In a separate greenhouse study on alternative POST herbicides to control GR Russian-thistle, bicyclopyrone plus bromoxynil, bromoxynil plus fluroxypyr, bromoxynil plus pyrasulfotole, bromoxynil plus MCPA, paraquat alone, paraquat plus metribuzin, saflufenacil alone, saflufenacil plus 2,4-D, and 2,4-D plus bromoxynil plus fluroxypyr provided effective control (≥95%) and shoot dry weight reduction (up to 98%) of GR accessions. This research confirms the first global case of field-evolved GR Russian-thistle. Best management practices (BMPs); including alternative, effective herbicide programs (based on multiple mechanisms of action highlighted in this study) need immediate implementation to prevent further spread of GR or evolution of multiple HR Russian-thistle populations in this region.

Nomenclature: bicyclopyrone; bromoxynil; clopyralid; dicamba; diflufenzopyr; florasulam; fluroxypyr; glufosinate; glyphosate; halauxifen-methyl, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl) pyridine-2-carboxylate; MCPA; metribuzin; paraquat; pyrasulfotole; saflufenacil; thifensulfuron; tribenuron; 2,4-D; Russian-thistle, Salsola tragus L.

© Weed Science Society of America, 2017
Vipan Kumar, John F. Spring, Prashant Jha, Drew J. Lyon, and Ian C. Burke "Glyphosate-Resistant Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus) Identified in Montana and Washington," Weed Technology 31(2), 238-251, (1 March 2017). https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2016.32
Received: 23 September 2016; Accepted: 1 December 2016; Published: 1 March 2017
KEYWORDS
Glyphosate resistance
herbicide resistance management
multiple modes of action herbicides
wheat—fallow
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