Based on plants from the locus classicus, the type and other herbarium material, Ranunculus aspromontanus, usually related to the SW Mediterranean R. spicatus group, is shown by morphological and karyological investigations to be closely allied to the NW Mediterranean R. monspeliacus. Whereas the hitherto unknown chromosome number of 2n = 16 is common in the R. spicata group and R. monspeliacus, the combination of deflexed sepals at anthesis and a beak equalling the nutlet in length is decisive for the relationship to the latter species. Closer morphological comparison revealed that R. aspromontanus is best treated as a subspecies of R. monspeliacus. The corresponding combination is validated.
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