The recently described Linderniaceae are a monophyletic group that emerged in the course of the disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae in the last years. First molecular studies sampled only a small fraction of the genera assigned to the Linderniaceae, but later Lindernia was shown to be non-monophyletic. Here we used a plastid trnK/matK sequence dataset to get further insights into the relationships within Linderniaceae. The genus Lindernia as accepted to date is shown to be polyphyletic. Stemodiopsis is found to be sister to the remaining Linderniaceae, and the genera Psammetes and Bryodes are found to be nested in a Lindernia s.str. clade. We present a taxonomic framework, taking account of the phylogenetic relationships in the family, and a first key to the genera. The genera Bonnaya and Vandellia are resurrected and a new genus Linderniella is described. The following eight replacement names are proposed: Craterostigma engleri, C. tanzanicum, Lindernia benthamii, L. lemuriana, Linderniella pusilla, Torenia bonatii, T. davidii and T. philcoxii. Seventy-seven new combinations are made in Bonnaya, Craterostigma, Lindernia, Linderniella, Micranthemum, Torenia and Vandellia.

This is the second of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. The instalment deals with the families Amaranthaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Labiatae, Orobanchaceae, Papaveraceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae, Vitaceae; Amaryllidaceae, Araceae, Cyperaceae, Gramineae and Potamogetonaceae. It includes new country and area records, taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Amaranthus, Bothriochloa, Carex, Consolida, Corrigiola, Cyperus, Festuca, Fumaria, Heliotropium, Jacobaea, Klasea, Lobularia, Nigella, Orobanche, Papaver, Phelipanche, Pistia, Portulaca, Potamogeton, Spergula, Sternbergia, Teucrium and Vitis, and the validation of names in Amaranthus, Festuca and Spergula.

Scrophularia exilis, known only from the type gathering in 1929 and a possible second report in 1969, has been rediscovered. The species was found in its type locality and additionally in another locality 5.6 km further west. Scrophularia exilis is regarded here as a Crimean endemic, not as a synonym of S. heterophylla subsp. laciniata. Diagnostic characters of S. exilis and its differences from S. heterophylla subsp. laciniata are given. The phytocoenotic characteristics of the habitats of the species are presented. An updated key to the species of Crimean Scrophularia is provided.

Salix appendiculata is a typical Central European willow species. Its geographical distribution in the Balkan Peninsula is scattered and its occurrence in some Balkan countries is not yet clarified. The occurrence of the taxon in Greece is confirmed in this study. Leaf morphology of the Greek populations shows that they belong to S. appendiculata var. latifolia (A. Kerner) Rech. f. Finally, the ecological preferences of the taxon at the easternmost extent of its distribution are described with reference to bibliographic data.

Astragalus issatissensis, a new species of A. sect. Stereothrix (Fabaceae), is described and illustrated from the alpine zone of Shirkuh mountain, Yazd province, in C Iran. It is compared with its presumed closest relative, A. bavanatensis. Furthermore, A. hakkariensis, also in A. sect. Stereothrix, is recorded for the first time from West Azerbaijan province in NW Iran. An updated list of species of A. sect. Stereothrix is presented, distribution maps of all species are given and the distribution patterns in the section are discussed.

Amberboa zanjanica (Asteraceae, Cardueae, Centaureinae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Zanjan province, NW Iran. It is a diploid species (2n = 2x = 32) and morphologically most similar to A. sosnovskyi. The new species is compared with A. glauca, A. moschata and A. nana. Also presented are the habit and conservation status of the new species, the geographical distribution of the new species and A. sosnovskyi, and a key to all species of the genus Amberboa in Iran.

Pollen morphological features of nine Iranian species of the genus Pedicularis were examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We studied the pollen morphology of P. cabulica, P. caucasica, P. condensata, P. pycnantha, P. rechingeri, P. rhinanthoides, P. sibthorpii, P. straussii and P. wilhelmsiana, among which all except P. condensata, P. rhinanthoides and P. sibthorpii are palynologically described here for the first time. We observed two main types of pollen aperture (trisyncolpate and bisyncolpate) and four of exine sculpturing (microscabrate-reticulate, microfoveolate-microscabrate, retipilate and microscabrate). The results reveal the taxonomic significance of palynological characters in the genus, and the taxonomic implications are discussed here.

A plant previously known as Jurinea taraxacifolia, described from Myanmar, was recently discovered on the Chinese side of the Gaoligong Shan, the long N-S mountain range on the border between Myanmar and China. This taxon is transferred from Jurinea to Dolomiaea on account of its naked receptacle and brownish pappus bristles. It is compared with morphologically similar taxa. A detailed description and illustration of the species are provided for the first time.

Two new species, Alocasia evrardii and A. vietnamensis (Araceae, Colocasieae), are described and illustrated from Vietnam. Although A. evrardii was described previously by Gagnepain in 1942, also with a historical record from Cambodia, its name was not validly published. A key to the species of Alocasia in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam is provided.

Two new species of Theaceae from Vietnam, Polyspora nivea and P. ampla, are described and illustrated. Although showing close affinities with other Vietnamese species of Polyspora, the new taxa possess a number of fundamental morphological dissimilarities, which are here evaluated and discussed. The morphological evidence for the two new taxa supports taxonomic placement in the genus Polyspora. In addition, 23 new combinations are made for Asian species of Polyspora.

Suaeda pulvinata, a new perennial species of S. sect. Brezia, is described and illustrated. The new species grows in saline lakes of the central highlands of Mexico in halophytic grasslands of Distichlis spicata. It is compared with the similar S. jacoensis, which is known from strongly saline and gypsiferous flats in the Chihuahuan Desert region.

Acanthodesmos gibarensis (Asteraceae, Vernonieae), a new species, is described from Cuba. The genus Acanthodesmos was previously considered monotypic and restricted to Jamaica. A key to the species of Acanthodesmos is given.

Coccoloba berazainae, a new species from E Cuba, is described, illustrated and compared with another Cuban endemic species, C. acuna. The status of C. nervosa subsp. cristalensis, also endemic to E Cuba, is discussed. It is compared with typical C. nervosa, raised in rank, and treated as a separate species, C. cristalensis.

Polystichum is a nearly cosmopolitan fern genus with 31 species recognized for the Caribbean region. In Cuba, there have been from 11 to 19 taxa recorded, depending on the authors, illustrating the complexity of this group on the island. The examination of more than 2000 herbarium specimens collected in the Greater Antilles allowed the recognition of four taxa not previously recorded from Cuba: P. platyphyllum, P. rhizophorum, P. triangulum and P. woodsioides. In addition, P. deminuens is accepted as a species, P. heterolepis is reduced to the synonymy of P. viviparum, and P. polystichiforme is reduced to the synonymy of P. platyphyllum. Two new combinations are published: P. triangulum subsp. mucronatum (formerly treated as P. mucronatum) and P. submucronatum (formerly known under the illegitimate name, P. woodsioides). One name is raised from varietal to subspecific rank: P. rhizophyllum subsp. cubense.

To accommodate the inclusion of Polianthes into Agave, which is strongly supported by molecular phylogenetic studies, four new combinations for the transfer of Polianthes geminiflora and its infraspecific taxa are proposed. A lectotype is selected for Coetocapnia geminiflora, and a neotype for Robynsia geminiflora.