A summary of the Schismatoglottis Multiflora Group of Hay & Yuzammi is presented and the group shown to comprise about 15 species, including that described here. Schismatoglottis iliata P. C. Boyce & S. Y. Wong is described as a taxonomic novelty from forested sandstone riverside bluffs of the Ulu Batang Kayan, Lundu District, Kuching Division, NW Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and compared with the morphologically most similar species, S. mayoana Bogner & M. Hotta and S. nicolsonii A. Hay, with which S. iliata shares leaf blades adaxially matt olive green and abaxially with very fine and dense (c. 2 veins per mm) pellucid secondary venation, and stamen thecae each with two pores. A key to this newly recognized S. mayoana Complex is provided, and all described species for the S. mayoana Complex are illustrated.

New findings and a revised description are presented for Klasea sect. Leuzeopsis (Boriss.) L. Martins (Asteraceae, Cardueae, Centaureinae). This previously monotypic section now contains one more species: K. paradoxa (Mozaff.) Ranjbar & Negaresh, which is proposed here as a new combination. Lectotypes are designated for Leuzea serratuloides Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex DC. (K. serratuloides (Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex DC.) Greuter & Wagenitz) and two of its synonyms. Descriptions, distributions, ecology and illustrations for both species are given, as is the conservation status for K. paradoxa. The differences between the two species are tabulated and an identification key is provided. The geographical distributions of the two species are mapped.

In 1811, a paper by William Roxburgh was published in the Transactions of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. In it Roxburgh described four species used in dye manufacture in India and the surrounding region. This publication has been largely overlooked by plant taxonomists. Of the four names, one, Nerium tinctorium, had already been published. For the other three, Asclepias tinctoria, A. tingens and Indigofera coerulea, this represents the earliest place of valid publication. The application and typification of these names are reviewed. Some notes on other Roxburgh names appearing in the Transactions are included.

A new subspecies of Sedum ochroleucum Chaix (S. ser. Rupestria Berger, Crassulaceae), endemic to the Italian Peninsula, is described. It differs from the typical subspecies mainly by the glabrous sepals and the semi-erect to spreading petals at anthesis.

Petrorhagia sarbaghiae is described and illustrated, its distribution is mapped, and its distinguishing characters from the other species of Petrorhagia in SW Asia are discussed. A key to the perennial SW Asian species of the genus is provided.

Baphia vili Cheek is described as a new species from coastal thicket on white sand in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville). It is distinguished from other species of the genus by its small, glossy, shallowly cordate leaves and is unusual in its winged fruit. Its taxonomic placement near B. letestui Pellegr. is discussed. It is assessed as Vulnerable using the IUCN standard. Based on observations of the species near Pointe Noire in the months of October, December and July, an account of its phenology is presented.

Crocus brachyfilus I. Schneider, a new autumn-flowering species of Crocus L. belonging to C. ser. Speciosi from S Turkey, is described and compared with C. elegans Rukšãns.

The identity of the North American xenophyte Scirpus atrovirens in France was critically reassessed. Nearly all known populations (notably those from the departments Aisne, Jura, Pas-de-Calais and Saône-et-Loire) turned out to be referable to a closely related species, S. hattorianus. Distinguishing features for three species from the S. atrovirens complex (i.e. S. atrovirens s.str., S. georgianus and S. hattorianus) are compared and discussed. An identification key and SEM photographs of their achenes are provided. The ecology and degree of invasiveness of S. hattorianus in France are also briefly discussed.

In the present paper, collections deposited in HAJB and determined as Kretzschmaria and Hypoxylon with stromatic morphology similar to some taxa called “ustulinoid” were re-examined macroscopically and microscopically. Eight species of Kretzschmaria are recognized. Kretzschmaria cetrarioides, K. clavus, K. coenopus, K. micropus and K. zonata are corroborated for Cuba. Kretzschmaria milleri, K. pavimentosa and K. sandvicensis constitute new records for Cuba. A dichotomous key for the identification of the treated species and also their descriptions, distributions in Cuba and preliminary IUCN Red List categorizations are included in this work.

Knowledge of Rhytismataceae (Ascomycota) in Cuba is inadequate; many specimens have been collected and identified by foreign specialists and many types are mostly preserved in reference collections of other countries. Following extensive field and herbarium studies, nine species of Rhytismataceae are reported, discussed and illustrated from Cuba, of which three: Coccomyces leptosporus, C. tesselatus and Lophodermium mangiferae are new for this country. Six other species: Coccomyces clusiae, C. limitatus, Lophodermium australe, L. platyplacum, Marthamyces quadrifidus and Terriera minor, which had been reported previously, are now confirmed. New host records for some species are also presented. Fruit bodies and spores, as well as ecology of the species included, are described. An identification key to the accepted species in Cuba is provided and host organisms are cited.

The taxonomically intricate Campanula lingulata complex confined to the Balkan Peninsula is reviewed using molecular and morphological data. An extensive sample of 62 individuals for phylogenetic analyses and 402 individuals for morphometric analysis from 17 populations across the species range was used. The phylogenetic analyses based on two chloroplast intergenic spacers (trnG^UCC-trnS^GCU and psbA-trnH) and morphological analysis based on 50 characters revealed two allopatrically distributed lineages of the C. lingulata complex that comprise individuals from the C and S Balkans, respectively. Both molecular and morphological data allowed us to re-establish C. cichoracea Sm., a species endemic to Thessaly in Greece. This species can easily be distinguished from C. lingulata s.str. by its calyx appendages hairy on the margins and adaxial side, and ovary continuously downwards hairy all over the surface. Molecular characters that can be used to distinguish these two species comprise four parsimony-informative substitutions within trnG^UCC-trnS^GCU, and a microsatellite with a dinucleotide (AT) motif present only within the psbA-trnH region in C. lingulata. Further studies are required for resolving the taxonomic status of the remaining Macedonian and Rhodopean sub-lineages from the S Balkans.

A phylogeny of the South African and Namibian genus Gorteria was recently elucidated by analysis of DNA sequence data, which indicated that the prevailing taxonomic concepts of generic circumscription and species delimitations do not reflect the evolutionary history of the group. In the present paper a reclassification of the genus is presented. The treatment includes an overview of morphological variation, an identification key, descriptions and a distribution map for all of the eight species recognized, including three new combinations (G. alienata, G. parviligulata and G. piloselloides) and one new species (G. warmbadica). Two lectotypes are designated (G. affinis and Oedera (Gorteria) alienata).

The vascular plant species diversity of the Echinades islet group, quite unexplored so far, is documented by an inventory of flowering plants and ferns, filling a gap in the floristic information available for the National Park to which these islets belong, as well as for the Ionian land-bridge island system, for which detailed studies concerning floristic and phytogeographical relationships were available before. Field investigations on 19 of the 20 Echinades islets generated an inventory of plant species composition for the first time for 18 of them and added 56 taxa as new to the islet of Oxeia as compared to previous literature. The total vascular flora of the Echinades islets comprises 386 plant taxa. Spectra of life-form and chorological categories are presented and discussed. Floristic cross-correlations (beta-diversity) showed that the individual islet floras differ from each other from 25 % to 85 %. Concerning the role of geographical variables as influencing plant species diversity in the area, regression analyses indicated island surface area and elevation as the major predictor variables of species richness, while distance to the mainland plays a subordinate predictive role.

Selected names in the genus Taraxacum, belonging to T. sect. Erythrocarpa and T. sect. Erythrosperma, published in a series of papers by C. E. Sonck were revised taxonomically. Their types, from Greece (except two from Albania), were compared with material mainly from the Balkan Peninsula deposited at PRA. Ten names are relegated to synonymy. Range extensions (to Italy, Albania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Makedonija, Bulgaria, Romania, Crimea and Turkey) are reported for ten taxa. Nomenclatural comments are given for T. acutiusculum, T. dialeptum, T. gracilens, T. panhellenicum and T. salonikiense. A lectotype is designated for T. dialeptum.