Two new species of Werneria (Compositae, Senecioneae) are described from the highlands of central Peru on the basis of morphological evidence, namely W. huascarana and W. rockhauseniana. In addition, the misinterpreted taxonomic entity W. weberbaueriana is properly circumscribed according to the protologue. A neotype is designated for the name W. weberbaueriana. A key to the Werneria species occurring in the Peruvian department of Ancash is also presented. When data are certain, conservation status is assessed.

Citation: Calvo J., Trinidad H. & Beltrán H. 2020: Two new species of Werneria from Peru and re-circumscription of W. weberbaueriana (Compositae, Senecioneae). – Willdenowia 50: 5–12. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50101

Version of record first published online on 21 February 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Viola guaxarensis M. Marrero, Docoito Díaz & Martín Esquivel, sp. nov., belonging to V. sect. Melanium Ging. (Violaceae), is described and illustrated. It is a small chamaephyte currently known in only two localities within the high-mountain zone of Tenerife, Canary Islands. Data on aspects of its morphology, ecology, rarity and conservation status are provided, as well as the differences between this new taxon and the other two species from the Canary Island high-mountain habitats, V. cheiranthifolia Humb. & Bonpl. and V. palmensis Webb & Berthel., which are presumed to be the closest relatives.

The protologue, original material and typification of the Linnaean name Thymus pulegioides (Lamiaceae) are discussed. The specimen Herb. Linnaeus No. 38.5 (LINN) has been regarded as the lectotype of T. pulegioides, and perfectly agrees with the protologue of this name, but appears not to have been effectively designated as such. Therefore, the lectotype must be Herb. Linnaeus No. 38.6 (LINN), which was effectively designated by Mártonfi in 1997.

Citation: Nachychko V. O. & Sosnovsky Y. V. 2020: What is the lectotype of the Linnaean name Thymus pulegioides (Lamiaceae)? – Willdenowia 50: 23–27. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50103

Version of record first published online on 3 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

The cosmopolitan genus Marsdenia R. Br. in its conventional circumscription has been shown to be strongly polyphyletic, with all New World species grouping in a single clade. Therefore, the genus Ruehssia H. Karst. was recently reinstated to encompass the 42 Brazilian species, initially. In the present study, the nine Cuban species currently classified under Marsdenia are transferred to Ruehssia, and two species, R. lindenii and R. yamanigueyensis, both endemic to Cuba, are described as new. Ruehssia yamanigueyensis is characterized by very thin, wiry stems and small leaves and flowers, while R. lindenii is like R. clausa in habit, but differs strongly in the shape of the staminal corona. Illustrations and a distribution map for two new species are provided, as well as a key to all Ruehssia species on Cuba. Lectotypification is performed where necessary.

Citation: Reuss S. J., Meve U., Mangelsdorff R. D. & Liede-Schumann S. 2020: Transfer of Cuban Marsdenia to Ruehssia (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae), and two new species in Ruehssia. – Willdenowia 50: 29–37. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50104

Version of record first published online on 4 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Scorzonera L. is represented by 57 species in Iran including three subgenera: S. subg. Scorzonera, S. subg. Podospermum and S. subg. Pseudopodospermum. Species of S. subg. Podospermum and S. subg. Pseudopodospermum in Iran are morphologically similar, which limits species delimitation. In order to clarify intersubgeneric and interspecific delimitation in Iran, we carried out extensive sampling of the two subgenera in Iran. We conducted phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrITS), detailed morphological studies, and we evaluated the systematic value of achene features. Our results showed that Scorzonera s.l. is polyphyletic, and both S. subg. Podospermum and S. subg. Pseudopodospermum are monophyletic. The monophyly of S. subg. Podospermum morphologically corresponds to a combination of characters containing pinnatifid leaves, phyllaries with black corniculate projections, and the presence of a swollen carpopodium on the achenes. A comparison of the topology observed in the nrITS phylogeny with achene features indicates that a sculptured achene wall surface in members of S. subg. Pseudopodospermum provides a synapomorphy for this lineage. This study supports a broader circumscription of S. subg. Pseudopodospermum with the addition of S. calyculata (S. sect. Incisae), S. ovata, S. papposa and S. paradoxa (S. sect. Papposae). Finally, we provide a taxonomic treatment, including an identification key and species diagnoses and distributions, with nomenclature of Iranian species.

Citation: Hatami E., Mirtadzadini M., Bordbar F. & Jones K. E. 2020: Delimitation of Iranian species of Scorzonera subg. Podospermum and S. subg. Pseudopodospermum (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) based on morphological and molecular data. – Willdenowia 50: 39–63. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50105

Version of record first published online on 6 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Thismia ornata and T. coronata (Thismiaceae), two new species from Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) are described and illustrated. Thismia ornata belongs to T. sect. Thismia subsect. Odoardoa and occurs at several localities in western Sarawak around the city of Kuching. This species has been misidentified as T. aseroe until now, although the two species differ considerably. The species is assigned a preliminary conservation status of VU according to IUCN criteria. Thismia coronata belongs to T. sect. Sarcosiphon and has been found at only one site near the village of Long Tuyo in Lawas district of northern Sarawak. It is related to T. goodii and T. kelabitiana. The species is assigned a preliminary conservation status of CR.

Citation:Dančák M., Hroneš M. & Sochor M. 2020: Thismia ornata and T. coronata (Thismiaceae), two new species from Sarawak, Borneo. – Willdenowia 50: 65–76. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50106

Version of record first published online on 10 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Metherell C. & Rumsey F. J. [illustrated by Rumsey F. J.; edited by Edmondson J.], Eyebrights (Euphrasia) of the UK and Ireland. – BSBI Handbook No. 18. – Bristol: Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, 2018. – ISBN 978-0-901158-53-6. – 14.8 × 21 cm, 220 pp., colour photographs & black/white line drawings, softback. – Price: GBP 17.50.

Citation: Vitek E. 2020: Book review: Metherell C. & Rumsey F. J., Eyebrights (Euphrasia) of the UK and Ireland. – Willdenowia 50: 77–78. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50107

Version of record first published online on 10 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Citation: Lack H. W. & Vogt R. 2020: Paul Hiepko (1932–2019). – Willdenowia 50: 79–89. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50108

Version of record first published online on 10 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Studies to elucidate the systematic position of two Chinese species described originally as Lactuca hirsuta and L. scandens, of which only historical specimens from the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries were known, revealed the occurrence of three different species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of these species based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region and three plastid DNA markers (trnL-F, psbA-trnH, matK) uncovered a hitherto unknown lineage in a first comprehensive phylogenetic backbone of the subtribe Crepidinae (Asteraceae, tribe Cichorieae). Substantiated by comparative morphological studies, this lineage is described as a new genus, named Sinoseris, endemic to the Chinese provinces Sichuan and Yunnan. One of its three species is new to science, while another is conspecific with both L. hirsuta and L. scandens. The third was meanwhile described by other authors as Nabalus muliensis and is now transferred to Sinoseris.

Citation: Wang Z.-H., Kilian N., Chen Y.-P. & Peng H. 2020: Sinoseris (Crepidinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new genus of three species endemic to China, one of them new to science. – Willdenowia 50: 91–110.

Version of record first published online on 12 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Klemun M. & Hühnel H., Nikolaus Joseph Jacquin (1727–1817) – ein Naturforscher (er)findet sich. – Göttingen: V&R unipress GmbH, Vienna University Press, 2017. – ISBN 978-3-8471-0710-1. – 15.8 × 23.7 × 4 cm, 650 pp., 60 illustrations, Deutsch, hardback. – Price: EUR 32.99. – Available at https://www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com/

Citation: Lack H. W. 2020: Book review: Klemun M. & Hühnel H., Nikolaus Joseph Jacquin (1727–1817) – ein Naturforscher (er)findet sich. – Willdenowia 50: 111–112. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50110

Version of record first published online on 13 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Molecular phylogenetic results had shown that Tephroseris, a genus differentiated from its closest relatives by its pinnately veined leaves, also contains species with palmate leaf venation. This had led to the conclusion that leaf venation is a homoplasious character in the lineage containing Tephroseris. We here take a closer look at leaf venation in Tephroseris and other species of Asteraceae–Senecioneae. We found that leaf venation in Tephroseris is distinct from leaf venation in Jacobaea vulgaris and Senecio vulgaris, which both have pinnately veined leaves as typical for most species of their respective genera, and that description of the leaves of Tephroseris as pinnately veined is incorrect. Instead, leaf venation in Tephroseris is very similar to that of upper cauline leaves of Ligularia stenocephala, a species with clearly palmately veined basal and lower cauline leaves. Both L. stenocephala and Tephroseris are part of the Ligularia–Cremanthodium–Parasenecio (L–C–P) complex. We conclude that leaf venation in Tephroseris is best regarded as derived from palmate leaf venation found in the large majority of species in the L–C–P complex, and presents no morphological obstacle to the circumscription of the genus.

Citation: Kadereit J. W. & Bohley K. 2020: A note on leaf venation and the circumscription of Tephroseris (Asteraceae–Senecioneae). – Willdenowia 50: 113–117.  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50111

Version of record first published online on 23 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Hoya is paraphyletic without Absolmsia, Clemensiella, Madangia, and Micholitzia. These genera have been placed in synonymy with Hoya, but the monophyly of Hoya sensu lato relative to other genera of the broader Hoya group (Dischidia, Anatropanthus and Oreosparte, the latter two never included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis) remained unclear. Furthermore, no analysis has included both a significant sample of the Hoya group and outgroup genera of Marsdenieae to test the monophyly of the Hoya group and its position within the tribe. To address these gaps, we assembled two data sets: (1) the chloroplast trnT-trnL-trnF locus from 110 species and (2) three chloroplast loci (trnT-trnL-trnF, atpB-psbA spacer and matK) and two nuclear loci (nrDNA ITS and ETS) from 54 species. The Hoya group is monophyletic and nested in an Asian/Australian clade of Marsdenia s.l. The genus Hoya is paraphyletic unless Anatropanthus, Dischidia and Oreosparte are included. However, current evidence is not sufficient to synonymize Dischidia and Oreosparte with Hoya. Support for synonymy of Anatropanthus with Hoya is strong and the new name H. insularis is proposed. A clade of three new species with Oreosparte-like morphology is sister to the rest of the Hoya group and is described as the new genus Papuahoya.

Citation: Rodda M., Simonsson N., Ercole E., Khew G., Niissalo M., Rahayu S. & Livshultz T. 2020: Phylogenetic studies in the Hoya group (Apocynaceae, Marsdenieae): the position of Anatropanthus and Oreosparte. – Willdenowia 50: 119–138. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50112

Version of record first published online on 27 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

We present nomenclatural and taxonomic studies of selected species and names of Neotropical Orchidaceae currently placed in Bifrenaria, Cleistes, and Pleurothallis, but once classified in ten different genera. Several nomenclatural and taxonomic actions are proposed, including changes in nomenclatural status, typifications, and taxonomic rearrangements by indication of the correct name to be used, re-evaluation of previously proposed synonyms, and new synonyms. The accepted names remaining after the study are: Cleistes rosea Lindl. f. rosea (relevant synonyms: C. angeliana Campacci, C. castaneoides Hoehne, and Epistephium monanthum Poepp. & Endl.); Cleistes rosea f. augusta (Hoehne) Meneguzzo & Van den Berg, comb. nov. (for Pogonia rosea var. augusta Hoehne); Cleistes speciosa Gardner [relevant synonyms: C. caloptera Rchb. f. & Warm., C. metallina (Barb. Rodr.) Schltr., and C. monantha (Barb. Rodr.) Schltr.]; Bifrenaria harrisoniae (Hook.) Rchb. f. (for Maxillaria spathacea Lindl.); and Pleurothallis quadrifida (Lex.) Lindl. [for the homotypic pair Gomesa stricta Spreng. and Rodriguezia stricta (Spreng.) Steud.].

Citation: Meneguzzo T. E. C. & van den Berg C. 2020: Chimaeras and ghosts: solving a chimaeric specimen and two neglected orchid names. – Willdenowia 50: 139–146. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50113

Version of record first published online on 27 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.

A nomenclatural study of 12 names and designations published by C. L. Willdenow was carried out. Two designations, “Amaranthus incomptus” (nomen nudum) and “A. japonicus” (pro synonymo), are not validly published. The ten validly published names are not yet typified except for A. chlorostachys Willd. Eight of the nine untypified names (A. angustifolius M. Bieb. ex Willd., A. bicolor Nocca ex Willd., A. campestris Willd., A. inamoenus Willd., A. lateus Willd., A. polystachyus Willd., A. strictus Willd. and A. tenuifolius Willd.) are lectotypified here on specimens preserved in the Willdenow Herbarium in Berlin (B), while the other name (A. hecticus Willd.) is lectotypified here on an illustration in Willdenow's Historia Amaranthorum. All the names in Amaranthus published by Willdenow are considered here to be heterotypic synonyms of currently accepted species names. The results obtained highlight how many Amaranthus species, especially in the past, were described on the basis of characters that have low or no taxonomic value, whereas morphological characters of the flowers have a high taxonomic value.

Citation: Iamonico D. 2020: A nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: names published by Willdenow. – Willdenowia 50: 147–155. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50114

Version of record first published online on 31 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue.