Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 13

Abstract: This is the thirteenth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Amaryllidaceae (incl. Alliaceae), Apocynaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Hydrocharitaceae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Orobanchaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papaveraceae, Pittosporaceae, Primulaceae (incl. Myrsinaceae), Ranunculaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Umbelliferae. It includes new country and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Allium, Anthemis, Atriplex, Centaurea, Chasmanthe, Chenopodium, Delphinium, Digitaria, Elodea, Erigeron, Eucalyptus, Hypecoum, Leptorhabdos, Luffa, Malvaviscus, Melia, Melica, Momordica, Nerium, Oxalis, Pastinaca, Phelipanche, Physalis, Pittosporum, Salvia, Scorzoneroides, Sedum, Sesleria, Silene, Spartina, Stipa, Tulipa and Ziziphus, new combinations in Cyanus, Lysimachia, Rhaponticoides and Thliphthisa, and the reassessment of a replacement name in Sempervivum. Citation For the whole article: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.) 2021: Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 13 [Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 42]. – Willdenowia 51: 141–168. For a single contribution (example): Kunev G. 2021: Allium melanogyne Greuter. – Pp. 142–143 in: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 13 [Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 42]. – Willdenowia 51: 141–168. Version of record first published online on 30 April 2021 ahead of inclusion in April 2021 issue.

In some countries and regions it is considered an invasive species (Randall 2017;CABI 2020;Govaerts & al. 2021). For Crimea and E Europe, N. oleander was listed only as a cultivated plant (Pobedimova 1978;Prokudin 1987;Czerepanov 1995). It is not included in the checklist of the spontaneous flora of the Crimean peninsula (Yena 2012) nor in the lists of the alien species of the region (Bagrikova 2013;Protopopova & Shevera 2014). This species, however, is cited as a casual alien in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, where it does not spread outside its territory (Bagrikova 2014). At present, in the lower altitude belt, and possibly due to global warming, N. oleander has begun to expand from cultivation sites to adjacent anthropogenic habitats, where seedlings, juveniles and adult generative plants can be observed. The only record of a flowering and fruiting individual in a natural biotope -on a boulder-block beach -was noted on the coast of Laspi bay, a few hundred meters from the nearest cultivated specimens. On this basis, N. oleander is included in the list of the coastal flora of S Crimea (Ryff 2020), although it can only be considered a casual alien so far.
L  Greuter (1997); however, his report was uncertain because no herbarium material labelled as S. tenuiflora was found in the indexed Bulgarian herbaria (SO, SOA, SOM) or referenced in floristic works (Jordanov & Panov 1966;Delipavlov & al. 2011;Petrova & Vladimirov 2018). Assyov & al. (2012) listed the species as questionable to draw attention to its possible occurrence in the country. Our find provides the first evidence for the presence of S. tenuiflora in Bulgaria. The species was observed in a semi-natural grassland vegetation grazed by sheep and dominated by Chrysopo gon gryllus (L.) Trin. and some annual clovers such as Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv., M. polymorpha L. and Trifolium scabrum L. The similar Silene cretica L. has been reported from several regions in S Bulgaria. It was evaluated as "vulnerable" according to the IUCN criteria by Assyov & Denchev (2009: 87). Silene cretica is similar to S. tenui flora to such an extent that in some references both were considered conspecific (Chater & al. 1993;Marhold 2011+b). However, Coode & Cullen (1967) and Greuter (1997) provided useful differential characters between those two taxa. Additionally, comparison of seed mi- cromorphology has demonstrated that they are different enough to be accepted as separate species (Kuh & al. 2017).
At least one collection labelled as Silene cretica from Bulgaria (E Rhodopes, 15 May 2004, Petrova, SOM 160208) turned out to be in fact S. tenuiflora. Greuter (1997) stated that S. cretica occurrs mostly in S and C Greece, but is replaced by S. tenuiflora in the northern regions of the country; therefore, the alleged occurrence of S. cretica in Bulgaria requires confirmation. G

. Kunev & I. Kostadinov
Chenopodiaceae Atriplex tatarica L. + Cr: Greece: Kriti (Crete), Nomos of Lasithi, Eparchia of Ierapetra, Pachia Ammos, 35°06'36"N, 25°48'42"E, 2 -3 m, steinig-sandige Lehme an der Küste, Sprayzone, 24 Aug 1998, Böhling 8934 (B, as "A. prostrata"; det. Raus). -First record from Crete and new for the entire S Aegean area (KK sec. Dimopoulos & al. 2013). The nearest localities are in SE Peloponnisos (saltmarsh near the village of Epidavrou Limiras, 14 Oct 1994, Strid 36823; C) and on the East Aegean island of Samos (Strand von Limnionas bei Votsalakia, 9 Sep 1997, Düll;herb. Düll, now STU). The species is fairly widespread in coastal areas of the C and N Greek mainland and the N Aegean area and on the Ionian islands of Lefkas and Kefallinia.  (Zhu & al. 2003;Uotila 2011, sub "C. strictum Roth" misappl.), recently widely discussed by Mosyakin (2017) for its intricate nomenclature and taxonomy. In Italy, C. betaceum is recorded in the north and in Marche and Lazio regions (C Italy) as a native species (Bartolucci & al. 2018). We found a population identifiable as C. betaceum based on the following characters: stem ribbed and more or less reddish, leaves with almost parallel entire margins and obtuse apex, lower branches ascending from an almost horizontal base, and diameter of seeds 0.9 -1 mm (see Iamonico 2010). This population of about 20 individuals represents the first record of the species for Sicily and a new addition to the 1052 taxa already recorded in the urban flora of Palermo (Domina & al. 2020). The species was found in the inland margin of the shingle beach bordering part of the pier of the small port of Sant'Erasmo, in a position quite sheltered from the sea but fully exposed to salt spray. We have not found any further population along the coast of Palermo city. Because the native distribution area is rather distant from the present record, we consider C. beta ceum a casual alien for Sicily.
Controversial opinions exist as to the taxonomic rank of the clearly monophyletic (Boršić & al. 2011) Cyanus Mill. or Centaurea sect. Cyanus (Mill.) DC.). Treatment as a genus is still not universally accepted, even though that classification increasingly prevails. In Euro+Med Plant-Base (Greuter 2003, Med-Checklist (Greuter 2008a) and other recent sources (for a comprehensive overview, see Negaresh 2020 and references therein), the genus Cyanus is accepted. For permitting a coherent nomenclatural treatment under that option, it is therefore necessary to validate the two new combinations above to accommodate those two endemic taxa recently described from Turkey (Şirin & al. 2020 (Hind 2012). In some countries, especially with warm and humid climates, E. karvinskianus is considered an invasive species (Randall 2017;CABI 2020;GISD 2021a).
In particular, it occurs as alien in the W Mediterranean, W and S Europe (Greuter 2006+;Randall 2017;CABI 2020). In E Europe, this species has not previously been reported outside of cultivation. However, this region is predicted to be favourable for its presence, although only in S Crimea are there currently the most suitable ecological conditions for it (Hannah & al. 2019 Hart & Bleij 2003). In the past, it was often confused with S. eriocarpum Sm., S. hispani cum L. and S. rubens L. Sedum pallidum is widely used as an ornamental and is able to spread easily by means of vegetative propagation. Its actual distribution is much wider than the native one, proven by many occurrences in the wild or in anthropogenic environments, originating from cultivated plants. It is therefore not easy to define the native range of the species. If the taxon is considered endemic to the surroundings of the Black Sea extending to Iran, the reports from the Balkans would have to be treated as either misidentifications or as naturalized occurrences. Sedum pallidum was also reported from the Middle East: Zohary & al. (1980) cited it for "Palestine […] Syria-Lebanon […]", Al-Eisawi (1982) for Jordan, and Zohary (1987) for Israel and Palestine. These reports, however, can be related to S. eriocar pum s.l. ('t Hart 1996) or S. hispanicum ('t Hart & Bleij 2003). The morphological description and the figure of S. pallidum in Zohary (1987) agree very well with the protologue of S. erio carpum, especially with regard to the annual habit and the papillose or "puberulent" carpels (smooth in S. pallidum). The confusion with S. eriocarpum, above all with S. eriocarpum subsp. delicum (Vierh.) 't Hart, is also the reason for its exclusion from the Greek flora (see Dimopoulos & al. 2013: 241;Strid 2016aStrid , 2016b In Italy, Sedum pallidum has never been reported as wild, although it is widely cultivated as an ornamental and is able to survive autonomously in areas close to gardens or glasshouses, such as in Piemonte, near the home of one of the authors (LG). The city of Milano is therefore the first case of naturalization of this species in Italy, which took place in a highly anthropogenic environment a few years ago. At times the species entirely covers the space along and between the tram tracks, forming an almost uninterrupted carpet.
The plants naturalized in Milano match the description of Sedum bithynicum Boiss., a perennial taxon with spreading petals (cf. Chamberlain 1972: 242), with a restricted distribution in ancient Bithynia, a classical geographical region in NW Anatolia. A few years after its publication, however, Boissier (1872) reduced it to a variety of S. glaucum Waldst. & Kit., a heterotypic synonym of S. hispanicum. The status of this taxon is much debated: some authors have treated it as a synonym of S. pallidum (Hamet 1908;Jalas & al. 1999;'t Hart & Bleij 2003;Euro+Med 2006+;Shynder & Negrash 2020), while others have separated it at the rank of variety or form (Rechinger 1944;Chamberlain 1972), still others as a subspecies (Byalt 2001(Byalt , 2012, and finally some authors have kept it separate at specific rank (Fröderström 1932;Czeczott 1939;Petrova 2004 (Turland & al. 2018), ruling that a name is not validly published when it is not accepted by its author in the original publication (which may apply to Boissier 1888: 247 -248). If Boissier's name is considered not to be validly published, S. reginaeamaliae Halácsy is not an isonym as advocated by Raus (2018: 204), but a validly published albeit illegitimate homonym of the earlier S. reginaeamaliae Baker (1877). Sempervivum verereginaeamaliae Raus -as the proposed replacement name (the epithet from Latin vere = true, right, correct, honouring the originally intended dedication, see Raus 2018) -is nevertheless validly published because Halácsy's name, which in that case is considered the intended replaced synonym, is cited with its author and a full and direct reference to its place of valid publication, so that Art. 41.5 of the Code is satisfied.  (Purseglove 1976) and Egypt in the Middle Ages (Mansfeld 2001). Luffa species have a long history of cultivation in the tropical countries of Asia and Africa. The Indo-Burmese region is reported to be the centre of diversity for Luffa aegyptiaca (Whitaker & Davis 1962). The main commercial production countries are China, Korea, India, Japan and Central America (Bal & al. 2004). Cultivation of L. ae gyptiaca has been reported in many countries all over the world, among them Algeria, Libya and Tunisia in N Africa and Georgia, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland in Europe. According to the Euro+Med PlantBase (Henning & al. 2017+), the taxon has been reported in SE Europe as alien with "unknown status" in Albania, Bulgaria and Moldova. For N Africa, the taxon has not yet been cited as an alien (Henning & al. 2017+;APD 2020). Luffa aegyptiaca is known to spread by seeds, which are mainly dispersed by birds and rodents (CABI 2020).  (Jeffrey 1978), where it is widespread throughout the drier parts of southern and tropical Africa (Bosch 2004), mainly in coastal areas (Welman 2004). The plant is also present in tropical Asia and Australia (Welman 2004;Thakur & al. 2009;APD 2020;CABI 2020). The taxon has been introduced in parts of the neotropics (see, e.g., Jeffrey 1967; Hyde & al. 2019) and is known to be naturalized in North America (Holm & al. 1977;Randall 2012) and Pakistan (Flora of Pakistan 2019). In Australia, M. balsamina shows a wide distribution in South Australia and Queensland (Atlas of Living Australia 2019), whereas it is considered only as alien in Western Australia (Western Australian Herbarium 2020). In Europe, it has been cultivated in gardens since the 1800s (Welman 2004 (Valdés & Scholz 2009+), D. aegyptiaca occurs in Egypt, Greece, Russia and Ukraine. It was also reported by Scholz & Sukopp (1965) from Berlin (Germany), but apparently Scholz did not take into account his own record when compiling the Euro+Med PlantBase treatment. It is in fact a poorly known species with an uncertain natural distribution. Tzvelev (1983) stated that its origin most probably should be sought in the sands of the terraces of the Dniepr and Don rivers, where it is very common. In his monograph of the genus, Henrard (1950) already stated that it is indeed probably of oriental origin (although certainly not from Egypt, despite its name) and often cultivated in botanical gardens in Europe (but much more rarely in recent times Although accepted as a distinct species by Valdés & Scholz (2009+), the taxonomic position of Digitaria aegyptiaca is contested. Henrard (1950) reduced it to subspecific rank under D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop., the species it indeed most closely resembles. The latter is an almost cosmopolitan and exceedingly variable species. Both share the distinctly spinulose nerves of the lower lemmas and upper glumes. Digitaria aegyptiaca differs from D. sanguinalis primarily by the following combination of characters ( Fig. 3): spikelets (lower lemma and upper glume) completely glabrous, upper glume somewhat ovate and only c. 1/3 as long as spikelet. In D. sanguinalis, the spikelets are nearly always ± pubescent along the margins of the lower lemma and upper glume. In typical forms, the lower glume is somewhat lanceolate and at least ½ as long as the spikelets. However, in D. sanguinalis var. parvispicula (Reynier) Henr., a smallspikeleted "race" with spikelets only 2.5 mm long or even less, the glumes can be as short as in D. aegyptiaca. Spikelets of these three taxa are compared in Fig. 3B. Henrard (l.c.) further distinguished D. sanguinalis var. gla bra (Hack.) Henr., which has glabrous interspaces between the nerves of the lower lem- ma, except for the inflexed margins, which are somewhat pubescent. Although most of this variation was said to be of minor importance by Henrard, the existence of such forms further blur the species boundaries between D. aegyptiaca and D. sanguinalis. A lower taxonomic rank of the former, as already proposed by Henrard, might be more appropriate.

Momordica balsamina L.
R  (Korzhenevskiy & Svirin 2015). Despite its wide distribution, from C, S and E Europe through Russia (including the Caucasus and Siberia) extending to Central Asia (Tzvelev & Probatova 2019), Melica altissima is reported here for the first time with certainty from the Crimean peninsula. The species was erroneously given for "Cm" by Hempel (2009), who referred to, but at the same time misinterpreted, Prokudin's Manual of the higher plants of Ukraine. In fact, Prokudin (1987: 460) The only relevant mention of the species for Crimea was made by J. G. Georgi (1800) in his review of the Russian flora. Nevertheless, Prokudin, who prepared the Poaceae for Vul'f's Flora Kryma (Vul'f 1951), considered Georgi's data as erroneous -most likely because of the absence of herbarium specimens of M. altis sima from Crimea. In the Russian Empire, the toponym Tauria denoted not only the Crimean peninsula but also the adjacent lands along the N coast of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov (between the Dnieper and Molochnaya rivers), therefore the whole administrative unit called Tavricheskaya Oblast', which existed from 1784 to 1796 (Anonymous 1999). Describing the distribution of M. altissima, Georgi (1800: 690) wrote "Am Dnepr, in Taurien, an der Oka …", which means that he discerned the continental part of Tavricheskaya Oblast' from the Crimean peninsula, and the latter was undoubtedly the place that he called Tauria. Hence Georgi (1800) was in fact the first who mentioned M. altissima for Crimea, albeit in an undocumented form. It is worth noting that this is the second case of verifying the presence of a species given for the region by Georgi and not accepted in modern floristic works on Crimea (see Yena & Svirin 2013 (Simpson 1986), and from Egeria densa Planch. by leaves in whorls of three, not of four to six (Byalt & Orlova 2003). Being widely cultivated in aquaria throughout the world, E. nuttallii often becomes established in rivers and lakes in many European countries (CABI 2020). In adjacent territories N of Crimea, the species has been recorded as a casual alien in Ukraine in 2004 (Chorna & al. 2006) and in the Russian mainland in 2017 (Panasenko & Shcherbakov 2018 Dimopoulos & al. (2013Dimopoulos & al. ( , 2016 or Strid (2016aStrid ( , 2016b Šilc & al. 2020) and therefore their inability to sustain self-supporting populations. This is the first record of Salvia hispanica from Bulgaria. The species can be easily distinguished from the other representatives of the genus known from the country by its robust appearance; 1.2 -1.5 m tall, four-angled, shortly appressed pubescent stem, which is broadly rounded-ribbed, with a narrow sulcus between ribs on each side; inflorescence dense, terminal; corolla bluish, with two oval, white marks on lower lip (Fig. 4A).
Three individuals were found on alluvial deposits of the Struma river. The dominant species in the community were ruderals and hygrophytes such as Artemisia vulgaris L., Echino chloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv (Yulianti & al. 2011). It is widely introduced and has long been cultivated throughout SW Asia, the Indian subcontinent and China. It has been reported from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and tropical China through Malesia to the Solomon Islands and Australia (see, e.g., Wheeler & al. 1992;Ahmed & Idris 1997;Doran & Turnbull 1997;Mabberley & al. 2015). It has also been reported as naturalized in Botswana and as invasive in Malawi (Witt & Luke 2017). Holm & al. (1979) listed the species as a common to invasive weed in Taiwan (Asia) and in Belize, Panama and the U.S.A. According to Jury (2009+), the taxon is reported in the Mediterranean region of Europe as a naturalized alien in France, Italy and Malta. For N Africa, the taxon is cited as alien with "unknown status" only for the Canary Islands (Jury 2009+). The African Plant Database (APD 2020) lists the taxon within N Africa as present with "cultivated" status for Algeria, the Canary Islands, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. More recently the taxon has been assigned naturalized status in Algeria (Sakhraoui & al. 2019 (Fig.  5). The classification with the key of the Flora of China Scrophular iaceae (Hong & al. 1998) led to Leptorhabdos parviflora. Two days later, a further eight populations were found within the neighbouring abandoned quarry consisting of another 800 individuals. All populations are included in an area of c. 5 ha. Subsequent searches nearby have given negative results so far.
Leptorhabdos Schrenk is a mono specific genus today included in Orobanchaceae (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016), tribe Micrargerieae (Fischer 2004) or Pediculari deae (Nickrent 2020). Leptorhabdos parviflora is a species native to the steppe plateaus and river banks of C and SW Asia, in particular present in NW China, Afghanistan, NW India, Iran, Kashmir, Ka zakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and near the borders of Europe in the Georgian Caucasus (Rechinger 1981;Akhani 1998;Hong & al. 1998;Gagnidze 2005; Tarkhnish- vili & Chaladze 2013, Kew Backbone Distributions 2020). Leptorhabdos parviflora is not mentioned in Flora europaea (Webb 1972. It is not a cultivated or commercialized species, and in any case it does not appear to be mentioned as an expanding species: no occurrence is reported outside its native range by GBIF (2019). It has strictly local uses as an anti-inflammatory in the Himalayan region in the context of traditional Tibetan medicine (Singh & al. 2009) and is traditionally used as fodder in the Chambra area in N India (Srivastava & Saggoo 2015).
Near Sardagna, Leptorhabdos parviflora grows in very different habitat conditions: an arid ridge with Allium coloratum Spreng., A. lusitanicum Lam., Artemisia alba Turra, Cleis togenes serotina (L.) Keng, Eryngium ame thystinum L., Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, Koe leria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. and others; an abandoned gravelly square with Agrimonia eupatoria L., Dactylis glomerata L., Melilotus albus Medik., Solidago canadensis L., Ulmus minor Mill. (juv.) and others; a stony slope with shrub colonization with Carlina vulgaris L., Fraxinus ornus L. (juv.), Hieracium bifidum Hornem., Ligustrum vulgare L., Pinus sylvestris L. (juv.) and others; margins of gravelly-clayey yards due to recent discharge of material with colonization of Buddleja davidii Franch., Popu lus nigra L. (juv.), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. and others. The species therefore shows a considerable ecological breadth, growing from markedly arid and moderately disturbed areas, to woodland margins and typically anthropicruderal environments, even with a certain amount of stagnant water, in full sun or half shade. The records in 1994 and 2020 show that L. parviflora has settled permanently near Sardagna, but its diffusion is evidently blocked by the unsuitable surrounding environment, mainly woods belonging to OrnoOstryetum Br.-Bl. 1961 and areas cultivated with vegetable gardens or vineyards. The species has so far been unable to reach apparently suitable habitats, which are present especially in the direction of Piedicastello, such as a second former quarry and a large ruderal area where the cement factory stood that used the marly material extracted from the quarry near Sardagna. The seeds of L. parviflora seem to have no particular adaptation for dispersal, also according to the images reported by Ather & al. (2013). Leptorhabdos parviflora is hemiparasitic (Nickrent 2020), and evidently it can parasitize species that are completely different from those present in its native area. After the marl extraction ended a few dec-ades ago, the two quarries were used as a partly illegal deposit for material from all over N Italy (Canadè 2009). It is likely that the introduction of L. parviflora occurred accidentally during this period. The survival of a large part of the L. parviflora population near Sardagna is linked to the fate of the former quarry. It seems that it will no longer be used in the future to unload material, and probably the expansion of the woodland could lead to the disappearance of the plant. The population on the arid ridge, the only one outside the former quarry, appears more stable, but it is widely surrounded by dense woodland.
F. Prosser  (2008) and Rätzel & al. (2017aRätzel & al. ( , 2017bRätzel & al. ( , 2018Rätzel & al. ( , 2020 -Oxalis latifolia is an acaulescent, bulb-bearing, herbaceous perennial. It is native to Central America and adjacent areas of North and South America and is cultivated predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world for ornament, ground cover, rabbit food and medicinal purposes. Now it has become a transcontinental weed of crop fields, orchards, gardens, nurseries etc. (Lourteig 2000;Royo-Esnal & López 2008;CABI 2020) and is included as an invasive species in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall 2017), the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD 2021b) and the Invasive Species Compendium (CABI 2020). In Europe, this species has been recorded in at least 15 countries at different stages of naturalization Randall 2017). For E Europe, it was cited by Czerepanov (1995) without specifying the exact location, but this record was subsequently cancelled by Tzvelev (1996). Oxalis latifolia is also not mentioned in later regional reports (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999;Yena 2012). The closest region where this species is cultivated and escaped is the NW Caucasus (Zernov 2006), from where it was most likely spontaneously introduced with planting material into Crimea in recent years.
Oxalis latifolia is not deliberately cultivated in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (NBG). A few years ago it was noted as a weed in greenhouses and nurseries of the NBG, as well as in adjacent private areas (L. F. Myazina, T. V. Belich, pers. comm.). Since 2018, it has been registered on the grounds of the NBG Arboretum. Plants do not set seed due to the peculiarities of gene rative reproduction, in particular heterostyly (Gardner & al. 2012). Weedy populations are usually short-styled (CABI 2020), which also applies to the Crimean population. But this is compensated by production of a large number of daughter bulbs, which contributes to active vegetative reproduction and dispersal. Oxalis latifolia has a significant invasive ability and quickly captures new areas. The applied traditional measures to control this weed are not effective (Royo-Esnal & López 2008;CABI 2020). Therefore, there is a high probability of further expansion of this invasive species both in the territory of the NBG and outside. Some closely related bulbous species (O. debilis Kunth, O. tetraphylla Cav., O. violacea L.) or rhizomatous species (O. ar ticulata Savigny) have already been recorded as aliens in neighbouring regions (Tzvelev 1996;Gagnidze 2005;Zernov 2006 Zhang & al. 2003). Pitto sporum undulatum, native to coastal rainforests in SE Australia, from SE Queensland to E Victoria (Cooper 1956;Goodland & Healey 1996), is an evergreen shrub to tree easily recognizable by its terminal, umbelliform inflorescence, very fragrant white flowers with yellow centre and leaves which are characteristically wavy at their edges (cf. Goodland & Healey 1996;Cayzer & al. 2000;Lorenzi & al. 2003). It has been recorded in the U.S.A., the Caribbean, Central America (Guatemala, Mexico), South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador) and South Africa (Goodland & Healey 1997;Bellingham & al. 2005;Blum & al. 2005;Henderson 2007;Negrelle & al. 2018), where it occurs in a wide variety of habitats including tropical forests, wet or dry sclerophyllous forests as well as savannahs (Binggeli & Goodland 1997). In Europe, the taxon is listed as an alien in Italy (Marhold 2011+c), Portugal andSpain (see, e.g., Paiva 1997;Marchante & al. 2008), whereas in France it is cited as cultivated (doubtfully escaping) (Marhold 2011+c). For N Africa, the taxon has been reported so far only from the Canary Islands and Morocco (Marhold 2011+c;APD 2020).
Key to the species of Pittosporum found in the wild in Tunisia  Pujadas (1997), the Algerian plants long known under the name A. arvensis subsp. platy phylla are not covered by the morphological variability of A. arvensis subsp. arvensis. Pujadas (1997: 60) ar-gued that herbarium specimens from Algeria examined by him showed corollas 12 -14 mm in diam., thereby justifying inclusion in the nominate subspecies with a corolla diameter range given as "6 -12(-15) mm". But, based on my personal measurements made on fresh, living plants from Algiers Mitidja (Reghaia lake), Great Kabylia (M'zarir in S Djurdjura mts, 2 km E of Col d'Akfadou), Lesser Kabylia (Imaaliouene in Soummam valley) and Numidia (Douar Guergour W of El Tarf), the corolla diameter range of A. arvensis subsp. platyphylla is 15 -19 mm. Other photographs from Numidia (E of Oued el Aneb) taken by me provided evidence for sympatry of A. arvensis subsp. platyphylla with A. arvensis subsp. parviflora (Hoffmanns & Link) Arcang., although the relevant specimens had not been measured. Compared to A. arvensis subsp. parviflora, characterized by a smaller corolla (4 -6 mm in diam.), most often in pure populations, A. arvensis subsp. platyphylla is characterized by a larger corolla (at least 15 -19 mm in diam.). Certainly the "20 -30 mm" corolla diameter range of the latter given by Quézel & Santa (1963: 727) was exaggerated, as pointed out by Pujadas (1997), but the corolla dimensions are in fact larger, while our measurements for A. arvensis subsp. arvensis and A. arvensis subsp. parviflora coincide with those given by Pujadas (1997). Battandier (1888Battandier ( -1890 and Battandier & Trabut (1905) gave a "16 -30 mm" range for the corolla diameter, which includes the ranges from Quézel & Santa (1963) and those from my own sampling.
Recently the genus Anagallis L. has been included in the genus Lysimachia L. (Manns & Anderberg 2009), but only combinations at specific level were carried out But, as an overlooked taxon erroneously synonymized with L. arvensis subsp. ar vensis (Marhold 2011+d;IPNI & WCSP 2020), L. ar vensis subsp. platyphylla has not been combined until now (APD 2020).
In conclusion, Lysi machia arvensis subsp. platyphylla represents a discrete taxon, with its subspecific rank awaiting kary- ological and/or phylogenetic proof. Confusion with L. monelli subsp. linifolia may happen because of the similar corolla dimensions of both taxa, if one does not consider the perennial vs annual growth form and the lanceolate vs ovate leaves of L. monelli vs L. arven sis. Its area of distribution includes at least N and NE Algeria (Battandier 1888(Battandier -1890Quézel & Santa 1963) and Tunisia (Bonnet & Barratte 1896;Pottier-Alapetite 1981), where regional occurrence is still misunderstood because of a strong contradiction between Floras (Bonnet & Barratte vs Pottier-Alapetite). For Morocco, it has been given only with doubt and as a probable confusion with Anagallis arvensis var. platyphylloides Pau (Jahandiez & Maire 1934;Sauvage & Vindt 1952), another overlooked and unresolved taxon not mentioned by Fennane & al. (1999) but later considered by Fennane & Ibn Tattou (2005) as "doubtful, to be confirmed", based on one historical record. Mentions from Spain as a native and from Bulgaria as an alien, given by Greuter & al. (1989: 370) Walpers (1843: 454). The epithet pusilla was not available in Galium due to the existence of G. pusil lum L. Galium boryanum was not proposed an explicit substitute for S. pusilla, and it was not validated solely Willdenowia 51 -2021 by reference to S. pusilla, because a diagnosis was provided (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 6.11, 6.12). Therefore, it could be treated as either a replacement name based on S. pusilla or the name of a new taxon (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 6.13). In the latter case, the new combination T. boryana would be not superfluous. However, it is accepted that the name G. boryanum was published as a replacement name (IPNI 2021). This is reasonable, supposing that Walpers examined the plate of S. pusilla (either in Bory de Saint-Vincent 1835 -1836: t. 15, fig.  1 or in Chaubard & Bory de Saint-Vincent 1838: t. 16, fig. 1) and found that the illustrated plant, in his opinion, was indeed a Gali um species. In fact, in the protologue of G. boryanum, Walpers (1843: 454) cited a plate that is original material for S. pusilla. In addition, Walpers certainly knew of the existence of the Linnaean G. pusil lum and it can be assumed that for this reason he decided to refrain from the epithet pusillum. According to this interpretation, the name T. boryana is homotypic with S. pusilla and nomenclaturally superfluous, albeit not illegitimate because it has a basionym (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 52.1, 52.4); the correct combination in Thliphthisa is proposed here. The taxon is endemic to the mountains of southernmost Greece (Mts Taygetos and Parnonas in Peloponnisos). In recent floras, checklists and online databases (Tutin & al. 1976: 14;Strid & Tan 1991: 298;Euro+Med 2006+;Dimopoulos & al. 2013Dimopoulos & al. , 2019 (Puente & al. 2011), but it is cultivated in many regions of the world as a crop or ornamental plant. In Europe it is considered naturalized or a casual alien in several countries (Valdés 2012).
Physalis peruviana and its crop management in Bulgaria were discussed by Panayotov & Popova (2014). However, currently it is not known to what extent the species is cultivated in the country. So far, it has not been reported in Bulgaria outside of cultivated fields.
Physalis peruviana has been observed on gravel deposits along the Struma river in three adjacent populations, composed of three, five and seven individuals, respectively. The plants probably appeared after deposits of organic waste from gardens and greenhouses located near to the river. The observed plants were in the flowering and fruiting stage. Therefore, it could be possible for the plants to produce viable seeds and expand their distribution locally or even downstream to adjacent regions in N Greece.