An ongoing taxonomic revision of neotropical Connarus has identified three undescribed species of the genus, which are published here. One of them, C. foreroi, is known only from a single gathering from central Peru, probably reflecting scarcity of botanical inventories. Connarus revolutus, on the other hand, seems to be more common, but it is restricted to northeastern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, Brazil. Connarus pedicellatus, originally described as a variety of C. erianthus, is elevated to the rank of species; it is distributed widely in the Amazon forest of Brazil, extending to southern Suriname. The present study describes and illustrates these three new species and provides a geographic distribution map, comparisons, information on habitat, phenology and preliminary conservation risk assessments, along with a key to distinguish them from similar taxa.

Citation: Toledo C. A. P., Souza V. C. & Lucas E. J. 2021: Taxonomic revision of neotropical Connarus (Connaraceae) identifies three undescribed species. – Willdenowia 51: 171–180.

Version of record first published online on 9 June 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

Fridericia is a conspicuous genus of neotropical lianas, with 60 species distributed among seven lineages that are broadly distributed through the neotropics in both dry and wet environments. As part of ongoing taxonomic studies of the genus, we provide taxonomic revisions of two clades: (1) the “Acrodromous venation” clade and (2) the “Piriadacus” clade. The former is characterized by 1- or 2-foliolate leaves with acrodromous venation, tubular calyces and coriaceous fruits with slightly raised edges. The latter is recognized by the red, pink-reddish or orange, tubular corolla and exserted or sub-exserted anthers. We recognize two species in each lineage and provide identification keys, morphological descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps and comments on the distribution, phenology, conservation status and taxonomy. We propose the lectotypification of 13 names: Arrabidaea brachypoda var. acuminata, A. brachypoda var. attenuata, A. brachypoda var. firma, A. brachypoda var. induta, A. brachypoda var. rigida, A. platyphylla var. lasiorrhachis, A. platyphylla var. puberula, Bignonia brachypoda var. firmula, B. erubescens var. breviflora, B. erubescens var. subtruncata, B. regnelliana, Cuspidaria erubescens var. glabrescens and Petastoma simplicifolium. We further correct the typification of B. erubescens var. breviflora and B. erubescens var. subtruncata and propose two new synonyms for F. platyphylla (i.e. A. celastroides and B. violacea).

Citation: Kaehler M. & Lohmann L. G. 2021: Taxonomic revisions in Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) I: the “Acrodromous venation” and “Piriadacus” clades. – Willdenowia 51: 181–194.

Version of record first published online on 21 June 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

Michauxia campanuloides (Campanulaceae) is a biennial to short-lived perennial characterized by white to purple-suffused, deeply lobed corollas with narrow and strongly reflexed corolla lobes. It occurs widely on the eastern fringe of the Mediterranean area in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel. First collected by Leonhard Rauwolf as early as 1575, it was made known by him through the publication of a description and an illustration. His herbarium specimen, among the first collected in the Near East, survives in Leiden. More than two centuries had to pass until André Michaux and, independently, Jean Jacques Houtou de Labillardière collected M. campanuloides again and made specimens and seeds available to the botanical community in Paris. On the basis of living material, but including references to herbarium specimens, Charles-Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle was the first to provide a binomial for this striking plant. This paper focuses on the widely unappreciated record of herbarium specimens and printed illustrations, and lists and comments on early specimens collected in the wild as well as those cultivated in botanical gardens up to 1800. In addition, the name M. campanuloides is properly lectotypified.

Citation: Lack H. W. & Callmander M. W. 2021: The discovery, naming and typification of Michauxia campanuloides (Campanulaceae) with notes on its introduction into cultivation. – Willdenowia 51: 195–208.

Version of record first published online on 21 June 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

Harpalyce greuteri is described as a new species from the serpentine outcrops of Holguín in eastern Cuba. It differs from other Cuban species of the genus by having leaflets alternate along the rachis, an elliptic, rounded or slightly acuminate standard petal, mostly black keel petals and broadly linear wing petals. An illustration and a distribution map of the new species are presented, as well as a synopsis of and an identification key to all 14 recognized species of H. sect. Cubenses. Lectotypes are designated for nine species names in Harpalyce.

Citation: Rankin Rodríguez R. & González Gutiérrez P. A. 2021: Harpalyce greuteri (Leguminosae: Brongniartieae), a new species from eastern Cuba, with a synopsis of and key to the Cuban species of the genus [Novitiae florae cubensis No. 55]. – Willdenowia 51: 209–219.

Version of record first published online on 28 June 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

Apodocephala is a small genus of nine species of shrubs and trees endemic to Madagascar and currently classified in the tribe Astereae (Asteraceae). However, its present tribal position has been questioned, as it lacks some of the salient morphological features of that tribe. This study includes for the first time DNA sequences from Apodocephala (two species including the type of the generic name) to test its phylogenetic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from nuclear ribosomal (ETS and ITS) and plastid (ndhF and trnL–trnF) DNA regions, using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods, strongly reject the placement of Apodocephala in the Astereae. Our results, instead, support its position as sister to the Malagasy monospecific genus Lowryanthus within the tribe Athroismeae. Morphological comparison of these sister genera reveal similarities in cypsela morphology, and the inclusion of Apodocephala in the subtribe Lowryanthinae is proposed here. The tribe Athroismeae is now represented by ten genera (Anisochaeta, Anisopappus, Apodocephala, Artemisiopsis, Athroisma, Blepharispermum, Centipeda, Leucoblepharis, Lowryanthus and Symphyllocarpus), six of which occur in Madagascar. The Malagasy Athroismeae occur in all Malagasy terrestrial ecosystems (rainforests, deciduous dry forests, thicket spiny forests and savannas) and are likely the result of multiple independent colonization events mostly from mainland Africa.

Citation: Bengtson A., Anderberg A. A. & Razafimandimbison S. G. 2021: The Malagasy enigmatic genus Apodocephala (Asteraceae), a new member of the tribe Athroismeae. – Willdenowia 51: 221–230.

Version of record first published online on 10 August 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

Thorogood C. & Rumsey F., Broomrapes of Britain & Ireland. – BSBI Handbook 22. – Durham: Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, 2021. – ISBN 978-0-901-15859-8. – 15 × 21 cm, 325 g, 150 pp, 76 figures, 19 maps, softback. – Price: GBP 17. – Available at https://www.summerfieldbooks.com/product/broomrapes-of-britain-ireland-bsbi-handbook-no-22

Citation: Domina G. 2021: Book review: Thorogood C. & Rumsey F., Broomrapes of Britain & Ireland. – Willdenowia 51: 231–232.

Version of record first published online on 10 August 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

A comprehensive treatment of the N African genus Heteromera Pomel (Compositae, Anthemideae) is presented. Morphological, anatomical and karyological features as well as distribution maps are reported. The analysis of nrDNA and cpDNA sequence variation reveals the close relationship of the two species, with H. philaenorum exhibiting little variation and being well separated from a more diverse H. fuscata. The chromosome numbers of H. fuscata and H. philaenorum are reported for the first time. Heteromera philaenorum Maire & Weiller, Chrysanthemum fuscatum f. pubescens Trotter and Chrysanthemum fuscatum f. subcanescens Trotter are lectotypified and H. philaenorum is reported as new for the flora of Algeria and Tunisia.

Citation: Vogt R., Wagner F. & Oberprieler C. 2021: The genus Heteromera (Compositae, Anthemideae). – Willdenowia 51: 233–249.

Version of record first published online on 17 August 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

This data paper presents a largely phylogeny-based online taxonomic backbone for the Cactaceae compiled from literature and online sources using the tools of the EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy. The data will form a contribution of the Caryophyllales Network for the World Flora Online and serve as the base for further integration of research results from the systematic research community. The final aim is to treat all effectively published scientific names in the family. The checklist includes 150 accepted genera, 1851 accepted species, 91 hybrids, 746 infraspecific taxa (458 heterotypic, 288 with autonyms), 17,932 synonyms of accepted taxa, 16 definitely excluded names, 389 names of uncertain application, 672 unresolved names and 454 names belonging to (probably artificial) named hybrids, totalling 22,275 names. The process of compiling this database is described and further editorial rules for the compilation of the taxonomic backbone for the Caryophyllales Network are proposed. A checklist depicting the current state of the taxonomic backbone is provided as . All results are also available online on the website of the Caryophyllales Network and will be constantly updated and expanded in the future.

Citation: Korotkova N., Aquino D., Arias S., Eggli U., Franck A., Gómez-Hinostrosa C., Guerrero P. C., Hernández H. M., Kohlbecker A., Köhler M., Luther K., Majure L. C., Müller A., Metzing D., Nyffeler R., Sánchez D., Schlumpberger B. & Berendsohn W. G. 2021: Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. – Willdenowia 51: 251–270.

Version of record first published online on 31 August 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.

Data published through: http://caryophyllales.org/cactaceae/Checklist

Tephroseris is generally considered a difficult genus. Based on the examination of extensive herbarium material and considering the existing literature, we recognize seven species in Europe outside Russia. These are T. palustris, T. integrifolia with subsp. integrifolia, subsp. aurantiaca, subsp. capitata, subsp. maritima, subsp. serpentini and subsp. “tundricola”, T. balbisiana, T. crispa, T. helenitis, T. longifolia and T. papposa. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and ETS sequences showed that these species fall into three lineages. These are: (1) T. palustris, clearly related to Arctic species of the genus; (2) T. integrifolia; and (3) the remaining species. Molecular dating of the T. integrifolia lineage resulted in a crown group age of 1.76 (0.85–2.87) million years. Possible reasons for taxonomic difficulties in the genus in Europe outside Russia may include its young phylogenetic age and extensive migration and genetic admixture in the Quaternary. The decline of the genus in Europe outside Russia is documented and discussed. We consider it possible that its decline is related to rising global temperatures.

Citation: Kadereit J. W., Laux P. & Dillenberger M. S. 2021: A conspectus of Tephroseris (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Europe outside Russia and notes on the decline of the genus. – Willdenowia 51: 271–317.

Version of record first published online on 3 September 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.