Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 17

Abstract: This is the seventeenth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Aizoaceae, Anacardiaceae, Asparagaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Cannabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Casuarinaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gentianaceae, Gramineae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Orobanchaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papaveraceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae, Typhaceae, Violaceae and Vitaceae. It includes new country and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Acer, Ampelopsis, Argania, Blackstonia, Buglossoides, Carduus, Carex, Casuarina, Celtis, Chenopodium, Clematis, Eleusine, Elytrigia, Eucalyptus, Euphorbia, Euphrasia, Fraxinus, Galium, Hibiscus, Hieracium, Iris, Koelreuteria, Lathyrus, Loeflingia, Ludwigia, Malus, Melampyrum, Mesembryanthemum, Muscari, Orobanche, Oxalis, Papaver, Physalis, Podranea, Portulaca, Pseudodictamnus, Pulmonaria, Ranunculus, Schinus, Sedum, Stachys, Typha, Viola and Vitis, and a new combination in Pseudodictamnus. Citation For the whole article: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.) 2024: Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. – Willdenowia 54: 5–45. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54101 For a single contribution (example): Fos S., Laguna E., Smith G. F. & Verloove F. 2024: Mesembryanthemum haeckelianum A. Berger. – Pp. 7–8 in: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. – Willdenowia 54: 5–45. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54101 Version of record first published online on 19 February 2024 ahead of inclusion in April 2024 issue.

A. V. Yena, Agrotechnological Academy of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Agrarnoye, Simferopol 295492, Crimea; an.yena@gmail.comP. E. Yevseyenkov, independent researcher, Sevastopol, Crimea; fhunt@flora.crimea.ru-Mesembryanthemum haeckelianum, which is endemic to South Africa's Eastern Cape province, is sometimes used as a groundcover in domestic horticulture and landscaping.However, as a groundcover, it is not as popular as the purple-flowered M. cordifolium L. f. and the red-flowered hybrid between these two species, M. ×vascosilvae (Gideon F. Sm. & al.) L. Sáez & Aymerich (see Smith & al. 2020;Sáez & Aymerich 2020), at least in the Valencian Community (Spain) and other parts of the Iberian Peninsula.Nevertheless, both species and the hybrid between them are marketed for ornamental use and plants are sold onsite in nurseries and garden centres as well as online.

Aizoaceae
Note though that material of all three taxa is often confusingly sold as varieties of M. cordifolium.Mesembryanthemum haeckelianum is reported here as a new alien plant for the flora of Spain and Europe.Beyond its natural geographical distribution range, it has been reported from Belgium and Germany, but these records clearly refer to living plants cultivated in the Botanical Gardens of Meise and Darmstadt, respectively.There is also a record from Lajares, Lanzarote (Canary Islands) reported by GBIF (2022), but without access to information on the origin of this material nor any evidence such as pictures or herbarium sheets to aid its identification, it could possibly be of cultivated plants.The specimens found in Valencia (Fig. 1) cover a surface area of 3-4 m 2 with some branches scrambling to a height of about 2 m into a Cupressus sempervirens L. tree that grows nearby.Mesembryanthemum haeckelianum grows in nitrophilous plant communities on a roadside in association with Beta vulgaris subsp.maritima (L.) Thell., Cichorium intybus L., Crepis vesicaria subsp.taraxacifolia (Thuill.)Thell., Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC., Emex spinosa (L.) Campd., Fumaria capreolata L., Malva parviflora L., Oxalis pes-caprae L., Euphorbia peplus L., E. terracina Lag., Piptatherum miliaceum Coss.and Plantago lagopus L., among others.Because of its creeping and scrambling habit, it has not been possible to confirm the number of naturalized individuals, although the material could be derived from a single specimen.Plants flower sporadically throughout the year, as does M. ×vascosilvae, incidentally, although in winter the flowers are smaller and paler yellow to almost white.Fruits with well-developed seeds have also been observed.Mesembryanthemum L. and Aptenia N. E. Br. are often united by contemporary authors, as a result of molecular phylogenetic studies (Klak & al. 2007, Klak & Bruyns 2013).Online databases such as the International Plant Names Index (IPNI 2023), the World Flora Online (WFO 2023) the Catalogue of Life (Bánki & al. 2023), POWO (2023) but also the Euro+Med PlantBase (Raab-Straube 2018+a) adhere to this view.We have previously referred to this species under Aptenia (Smith & al. 2020).S. Fos, E. Laguna, G. F. Smith & F. Verloove

Anacardiaceae
Schinus polygama (Cav.)Cabrera (≡ Amyris polygama Cav.) -Fig.2. A Tn: Tunisia: Jendouba, Aïn Draham, 36°46'46"N, 08°41'11"E, 720 m, roadsides beneath walls of old buildings, 17 Oct 2021, El Mokni (herb.Univ.Monastir).-As part of ongoing studies on updating the list of alien Anacardiaceae in Tunisia (El Mokni 2019), Schinus polygama is here reported for the first time for the adventitious Tunisian flora (Henning & Raab-Straube 2016+a;APD 2023) where it seems to have recently escaped from cultivation and therefore can be considered as a local casual alien.Admitting that known varieties of S. polygama are connected with each other on intermediate macromorphological features, collected Tunisian material shows predominately an overflowered infructescence with dark purple fruits and is rather assigned to S. polygama var.parviflora (Marchand) F. A. Bark ley (vs fewflowered inflorescence with black fruits in var.chilensis F. A. Barkley;cf. Barkley 1944: 176).Schinus L. species are distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru, where they can be found in the inter-Andean valleys and Andean cloud forests as well as at low altitudes in SE to NE Argentina, extending into Uruguay, Paraguay and S Brazil; few endemic Chilean species occur in sclerophyllous forests in a Mediterranean climate (Silva Luz & al. 2019Luz & al. , 2022)).In particular Schinus areira L., S. molle L., S. terebinthifolia Raddi (commonly known as pepper trees) and S. polygama have become invasive species outside their native range (Silva Luz & al. 2022); the latter has a native range from Chile to Mendoza in Argentina (POWO 2023).It is a dioecious shrub or tree growing to 3(-5) m tall, with simple leaves and reddish, pink to purple globose, obovoid drupes.The species was introduced to California and Tajikistan (POWO 2023) and to Brazil, Uruguay, the Iberian Peninsula, Belgium and New Zealand (GBIF 2023).In Africa, it was reported only in the Maghreb countries of Morocco and Algeria (GBIF 2023), however with "unknown status".An analytical key is proposed here for the adventitious species of the genus Schinus in Africa (derived from Miller & Wilken 2012;NSW Flora Online 2023).armeniacum grows wild in the Caucasus, extending to Anatolia and the Balkan Peninsula, and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in spring flower gardens (Mashkovska 2015;Stuart 2011).Examples of spontaneous spread of M. armeniacum in botanical gardens and dendrological parks were reported (Shynder & al. 2022).

Analytical key to species of
As an established neophyte, M. armeniacum has already been indicated for Austria (Fischer & al. 2008(Fischer & al. : 1076)), the Czech Republic (Pyšek & al. 2012), France (Tison & Foucault 2014), Germany (Hand & al. 2023), Great Britain and Ireland (Stace 2010: 922), Italy (Conti & al. 2005), and as casual with uncertain degree of naturalization in some other European countries (Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands, see Euro+Med 2006+).In Ukraine, this plant currently has the status of a casual alien, escaped from cultivation.It is observed growing spontaneously in cities and suburbs, at various distances apart from flower gardens where it is grown.It reproduces well by seeds, so it may become naturalized in Ukraine in the near future.O.  Raab-Straube 2011+) and the Czech Republic (Danihelka 2014;Randall 2017;Pyšek & al. 2022;POWO 2023).
There is an opinion that this species may also grow in the Caucasus and C Asia (Popov 1953) 2023) and other internet sources, showed that, in terms of their main characteristic morphological features (bright blue corolla with oblong obtuse lobes, strongly thickened pedicel, enlarged calyx base, oblique receptacle, nutlet with rugose-scrobiculate surface, etc.) they are identical to specimens of B. incrassata subsp.incrassata from the Mediterranean, and especially from the Balkan Peninsula.We investigated the seedsurface ultrastructure of B. incrassata subsp.incrassata from Sevastopol using SEM.The nutlets are pyramidaltriangular, ovoid or subtrigonal, with subcircular areoles; the ventral side has a keel, while the dorsal side is convex; the beak is short and blunt; the shoulders are pronounced; and the surface is irregularly deeply furrowed, with protuberances with type I papillae (Fig. 4E).The features of seed morphology correspond to those given for B. incrassata subsp.incrassata (Edmondson 1978;Cecchi & al. 2014) & Raab-Straube 2011+).The cited specimen corroborates a comment by Matevski (2010: 116) on the possible occurrence of "Pulmonaria officinalis var.obscura" (= P. officinalis subsp.obscura (Dumort.)Murb.) on Mt Skopska Črna Gora, however by not accepting that taxon as a member of the North Macedonian flora.It should be noted that the taxonomic opinion to regard P. officinalis L. and P. obscura as two independent species, based on Sauer (1975) and Bolliger (1982) Shynder (KW s.n.).-Celtis planchoniana is a tree with a native range in the E submediterranean region (Balkans, Caucasus, Crimea, Anatolia and SW Asia) (Grudzinskaya 1979;Tutin 1993;POWO 2023;Yena 2012).In continental Ukraine, C. glabrata is occasionally cultivated in the S region, for example in Odesa, where it is starting to naturalize.The young plants we discovered had a specific scattered pubescence of hooked hairs, a diagnostic character of C. planchoniana f. aspera Medw.(Grudzinskaya escaped individuals.In fact, the plant was rarely cultivated in the botanical gardens of the region, as recorded by Tenore (1809) from the erstwhile Garden of the Prince of Bisignano in Barra, from where a specimen is preserved in the herbarium of Giovanni Gussone (NAP0002244), a correspondent of Borgia himself (Cortesi 1906a).In addition, many samples of the herbarium Borgia derived from cultivated plants, frequently from the gardens of Cava de' Tirreni (including his own garden) and Catania (Sicily) (see Cortesi 1906a), normally without any note on the labels appropriate to clarify the possibly native status of the gathered plants.(Wilson & Johnson 1989).The genus Casuarina comprises c. 17 tree species (Boland & al. 1996), mostly endemic to Australia, but with some representatives in SE Asia and the Pacific Islands.Chiefly due to their ability of nitrogen-fixing, fast-growing and tolerance to a wide range of adverse conditions including periodic waterlogging, drought, salt spray and highly saline soils, three main species, viz.(1906) for the surroundings of Naples and Cava de' Tirreni (province of Salerno), both localities in the region of Campania (SW Italy), based on the specimen cited above.This specimen consists of three flowering plants with a single label.Cesare Borgia (1776-1837) was an influential nobleman of the Papal State and a learned naturalist who intensively collected plants especially in Sicily and Campania (Cortesi 1906a(Cortesi , 1906b)).It is to be noted that, according to Guadagno (1926), the indications from Campania might be due to a misplacing in the herbarium; however, both "Loeflingia hispanica" and the gathering places were handwritten by Borgia on the same label.On the other hand, L. hispanica is a rare and localized species of sandy meadows in Sicily (Giardina & al. 2007); this habitat is hardly compatible with the two localities of Campania, even at that time.In addition, no one else has noticed this plant in the region.This casts into doubt that the examined herbarium sheet might refer to cultivated or Perovo Village, vicinity of Yuzhnaya poultry farm, 29 Sep 2022, Oleshko (CSAU).-This species is native to North America but as an alien plant spread to Europe, Asia, and South America (GBIF 2023).In the European area, C. pratericola is known from N, C and E Europe (Uotila 2011+a) reaching S as far as Bulgaria (Grozeva 2012) and the Ukraine (Mosyakin & al. 1994).For Crimea, C. pratericola is given here for the first time.
The whole plant has a narrowly conic or fusiform habit.
From the 17 species of Chenopodium s.l. that occur in the Crimean Peninsula (Yena 2012), C. pratericola is well distinguished by its markedly small (up to 17 mm long), lanceolate (length : width ratio (3-)4 : 1), toothless leaves, pointed at the tip and wedge-shaped at the base, tapering into a petiole.One of the most distinctive features of this species is its venation pattern: the leaf is 3-veined from the base, lateral veins are arcuate and twice as short as the midrib (on very small leaves the lateral veins may be faint or sometimes absent).The upper leaf surface is smooth, the lower surface as well as the calyx and petioles are moderately to densely white mealy.The pericarp peels off easily, the flattened, round and nearly keeled, shiny black seeds reach 1-1.3 mm in diam.In general, all morphological characters correspond well to those given in the literature (Mosyakin 1996;Clemants & Mosyakin 2003;Sukhorukov 2014) Belaid & al. 2022), the former also as cultivated in Tunisia (Greuter & Domina 2015: 31).A fourth species, C. stricta Aiton, was reported as introduced to Morocco and Tunisia (Dobignard & Chatelain 2011: 292).During the last few years, few juvenile specimens of C. cunninghamiana were discovered growing on roadsides in the region of Rejiche (Mahdia, CE Tunisia).The taxon seems to be naturalizing near some localities where it was successfully planted and can be considered currently as a casual alien; this is also its first report as a casual alien for N Africa.Tunisian collected material shows marcescent 8-10 teeth (reduced leaves), yellow at base, darker brown toward in the apex and is assigned to subsp.cunninghamiana (cf.

Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
A Cm: Crimea: Simferopol, food market Privoz, roadside, 27 Dec 2022, Yena (CSAU); Simferopolsky Rayon, "Im Buchenwald um Suskului", 24 Jun 1905, Schröter (ZT-00275378).-As shown in the synonymy, the taxonomic position of this Greek taxon has often changed.The rank adopted by Zahn is obviously undervalued for this remarkable taxon with its nearly circular basal leaves.Besides in Greece, it was recently detected in S Italy (Gottschlich & al. 2017) and is thereby an interesting case for an amphi-Adriatic range.
In S Ukraine, sea couch was found in 1868 near the coast of the Tiligul estuary, and there is a relevant herbarium specimen in BRNU, identified as Triticum pungens Pers.
(GBIF 2023).However, in Vascular plants of Ukraine (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999) this species is not indicated for the territory of the country.In Crimea, sea couch was first found by one of us (PY) in 2014 in the Kruglaya Bay of the Black Sea in the city of Sevastopol.Subsequently, the same plants were identified by PEY and AYK along the shores of other bays of Sevastopol -Kamyshovaya, Kazachya and Streletskaya.Their photos were shown in Plantarium (2007Plantarium ( -2023)), but the identification of the plant caused difficulties.It was assumed that this was ×Agrotrigia hajastanica (Tzvelev) Tzvelev -a rare intergeneric hybrid of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.s.l.× Elytrigia repens (Seregin & al. 2015).However, a more careful study convinced us that the plants from Sevastopol are identical with Elytrigia atherica from the Mediterranean.As in other areas of its range, in Sevastopol this species grows exclusively along the seashore.1999).Later the same name was included in the annotated checklist of the regional spontaneous flora (Yena 2012) and mentioned with reference to that monograph in the Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 16 (Svirin & Kashirina 2023).According to the taxonomic re-examination of those plants, I. spuria subsp.musulmanica is to be excluded from the Crimean flora and all records for this region mentioned here refer to I. foetidissima L. (see preceding entry).Secondly, the name I. spuria subsp.musulmanica was also misapplied to a herbarium specimen in MW collected in the Sevastopol area on 30 May 2012 (Seregin 2023), which turned out to belong to the autochthonous I. halophila Pall.(Svirin & Kashirina 2023).This error is also mirrored in the occurrence data for   -A casual alien species new for the adventitious flora of Tunisia and Africa.Eucalyptus gomphocephala is an evergreen tree up to 40 m tall native to W Australia.As many species of the genus, it has been widely introduced around the world and can be found in cultivation used for wood production, windbreakers, stabilization of sands near the sea shore and afforestation and also as an important tree for honey production.
In the Mediterranean the taxon is reported as a casual alien in Sardinia and Sicily (Galasso & al. 2018) (KW s.n.).-The native range of this tree is submediterranean, including S Crimea.However, this taxon is listed as indigenous also for the continental part of Ukraine (Raab-Straube 2022+), based on Prokudin (1987), where exact original data are missing.Therefore, we checked the existing information and found no original data on the natural occurrence of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp.oxycarpa in the continental part of Ukraine -this taxon is either not mentioned at all, or indicated only as a cultivated plant, or general statements are given that cannot be verified.Our indications are the first specifying the status of this subspecies as a casual alien in the continental part of Ukraine, where is has escaped from cultivation in several places given above.
The second site at Čardak is a small shallow pond where the association Typhetum shuttleworthii was recorded.The species is known from similar habitats in Serbia.N. Kuzmanović & I. Stevanoski  1984) and in the Red Book of Tajikistan (Rahimi & al. 2017).Currently, the state of the population in its native habitat is unknown (Rahimi & al. 2017).In Ukraine, this species was indicated in Soviet times in the O. V. Fomin Botanical Garden of National Taras Schevchenko University of Kyiv (Lapin 1983), although it is currently not mentioned in the catalogues and publications of this institution (Solomakha 2007).The species is not mentioned in modern catalogues of other botanical gardens in Ukraine, although it is represented in some of them.In 1999, V. hissarica was found by V. V.  (Ardenghi & al. 2014).It is widely cultivated as a Phylloxera-resistant rootstock in areas of industrial viticulture (Goldammer 2018) and is characterized by an upright habit (not a classic liana) and leaf bases broadly U-or V-shaped to truncate and cuneate (Ardenghi & al. 2014).New for Ukraine as a casual alien.
thelessJulien (1894: 186)  accepted B. perfoliata (as C. perfoliata) for Algeria in addition to the common B. grandiflora.Battandier (1890: 590)  claimed the occurrence of B. perfoliata also for Tunisia, but Bonnet & Barratte (1896: 288, as C. imperfoliata L. f.) argued that the latter record concerned B. imperfoliata (L.f.) Samp.Accordingly,Battandier & Trabut (1905: 228)  then accepted B. imperfoliata as the second species for Tunisia, but not for Algeria where they considered only the occurrence of B. grandiflora.Battandier (1910: 63) also confirmed B. imperfoliata for Tunisia, but considered B. perfoliata to be deleted from the flora of Algeria.On the contrary,Quézel & Santa (1963: 741)  reconsidered, additionally to the common B. grandiflora (as B. perfoliata subsp.grandiflora (Viv.)Maire), the presence of B. perfoliata in Algeria (as B. perfoliata subsp."eu-perfoliata" Maire).Pottier-Alapetite (1981: 699) forgot to mention the historical presence of B. imperfoliata but added B. perfoliata ( subsp."eu-perfoliata" Maire) to the flora of Tunisia, based on three collections (two from herself and one from Cuénod).Finally,Le Floc'h & al. (2010: 209)  reconsidered the historical presence of B. imperfoliata (as B. perfoliata subsp.imperfoliata) in Tunisia, but did not consider the possibility of any misidentification concerning B. perfoliata subsp.perfoliata.As a consequence, they accepted three Blackstonia taxa for Tunisia (followed by Marhold 2011+c).Flowering plants illustrated on the sharing network iNaturalist by one of us (AS) allowed the other (EV) to identify them as B. acuminata (W.D. J. Koch & Ziz) Domin (see preceding entry).None of the main, independent backbone databases on the N African flora gives this species for Algeria (nor Tunisia).We carried out a digital search
(Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999)widespread in tropical and warm-temperate zones of the world.It is native to S, SE and SW Asia and Africa (except N Africa).Information about its status, whether native or alien, in the E Mediterranean and Caucasus is conflicting.In the rest of its range, including Europe, Eleusine indica is an alien species.In the Euro+Med PlantBase(Valdés &  Scholz 2009+)it is given for Ukraine, taken from the Vascular plants of Ukraine(Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999).
(Ciocârlan 1994vera 1993;Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999)ca was collected once in KyAssyov & al. 2012;bsequently its population disappeared(Mosyakin & Shevera 1993;Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999).There are no more recent records of this species in Ukraine(Shevera, pers.comm.).Eleusine indica has not been previously reported for the flora of Crimea(Yena 2012).It was accidentally introduced to Yalta, apparently several years ago, most likely from the Caucasus, either by road transport or with building materials when laying new paving slabs.Now E. indica is actively spreading in various anthropogenic habitats in the area of its initial introduction in the centre of the city.The population includes c. 1000 individuals and occupies an area of c. 0.25 km 2 , its density is up to 10-20 plants per m 2 .Eleusine indica forms monodominant groups or grows in a weed community with Amaranthus deflexus L., A. retroflexus L., Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes & al., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Eragrostis minor Host, Erigeron canadensis L., E. sumatrensis Retz., Poa annua L., Polygonum aviculare L., Portulaca oleracea L. s.l., Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., Symphyo trichum squamatum (Spreng.)G.L. Nesom and other ruderal plants.+Cm:Crimea:Sevastopol,KruglayaBay(Omega Bay), 44°35'43"N, 33°26'54"E, 1 m, sea shore, 2 Aug 2014, Yevseyenkov (photos: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/400093.html[Fig.10A],https://www.plantarium.runameseacouch(Elymuspungens (Pers.)Melderis,Elymuspycnanthus(Godr.)Melderis,ElytrigiaathericaandThinopyrum acutum (DC.)Banfi), is very confusing and requires further study.In the present note we adhere to the concept adopted in the Euro+Med PlantBase(Valdés  & Scholz 2009+)and consider the plants we found under the name Elytrigia atherica.This species is native to the Mediterranean, W and C Europe, and the Black Sea coast of Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania(Ciocârlan 1994(Ciocârlan  ,  2011;; Valdés & Scholz 2009+; Doroftei & al. 2011;Assyov & al. 2012; POWO 2023).In the Black Sea region it is rare and therefore it is included (as Elymus pycnanthus (Godr.)Melderis) in the Red List of Bulgarian vascular plants and the Red Book of the Black Sea Iris foetidissima is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and sometimes escapes from cultivation.Now it is naturalized in many regions of the world, especially in North America and Australia(Randall 2017; GBIF 2023;  POWO 2023).It has been grown for a long time in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and in other parks as well as in private gardens along the S coast of Crimea.For the first time in the region, escaped plants of I. foetidissima (erroneously determined as I. musulmanica Fomin; see following entry) were revealed by the first author in the eastern, abandoned edge of the Massandrovsky Park in Yalta in the second half of the 1980s.Numerous plants of I. foetidissima, together with another adventive species, Daphne laureola L., grow there in a dense shibljak of Carpinus orientalis Mill.and Quercus pubescens Willd, in a ground vegetation layer of Hedera helix L. In 2022, a spontaneously sprouted plant of this species was found near the settlement of Nikita, approximately 500 m apart from the cultivated population in the Verkhniy Park of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden.In 2023, a population of I. foetidissima in the vicinity of Magarach was examined in detail.Evidently, the population has been growing spontaneously in this place for several decades.To date, it occupies an area of about 200 m 2 and has more than 20 individual clones of different age, of which at least three are generative; they bloom and bear fruit and reproduce by seeds and vegetatively.The largest clones reach 2 m in diam.and consist of 10-15 elementary individuals.Flowering time is in the middle of June.The population grows not far from a stream, in the lowland and on adjacent slopes in a disturbed Quercus-Fraxinus forest.It forms a plant community with Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.)P. Beauv., Clematis vitalba L., Hedera helix L., Rubus caesius L., Ruscus aculeatus L., Solanum dulcamara L. and other mesophytic species.Iris foetidissima is known from a few localities in S Crimea and its populations are small.It persists in the natural flora for a long period, at least more than 30 years, successfully reproducing and spreading by seeds, slowly expanding its range.The species is therefore considered to have become naturalized in Crimea.
The speciesValdés 2012+)lly cultivated as an ornamental vegetable crop.In many European countries (as well as in other continents) it is an alien plant at various stages of naturalization(POWO 2023;Valdés 2012+).In Ukraine it currently has the status of a casual alien (ephemerophyte).