One new species belonging to the genus Neanura MacGillivray, 1893 was found during taxonomic investigations of Tatra Mts, the highest mountain range in the Carpathians. Neanura judithae n. sp. is characterized by the conspicuous reduction of chaetotaxy on dorsal side of the body. It is closely related to the sympatric species N. parva (Stach, 1951), from which it differs in having a non-ogival labrum (vs ogival in N. parva) and complete fusion of tubercles Di on the abdominal segment V(vs incomplete in N. parva). Furthermore, the new species is distinguished by absence of chaetae De3 on abdominal terga I-III and 2 2 chaetae Di on abdomen V. An illustrated description and short remarks on the ecology of N. judithae n. sp. are presented. Additionally, data on morphology of all known species of the genus are also provided in the key.