Tafaliscina Desutter, 1988 (Grylloidea Laicharting, 1781, Gryllidae Laicharting, 1781, Oecanthinae Blanchard, 1845, Paroecanthini Gorochov, 1986) are a Neotropical cricket clade with a remarkable morphological diversity. We study here their Brazilian representatives. We describe one new genus (Veredatrypa Campos n. gen.) and three new species from Cerrado and Caatinga, i.e., Veredatrypa rosai n. gen., n. sp., V. seca n. gen., n. sp. and V. fusca n. gen., n. sp., and two new species of Tafalisca Walker, 1869 from Amazon Forest, i.e., T. duckeana n. sp. and T. vestigialis n. sp. The new genus and the new species are mainly characterized by their male phallic complexes and forewings. An identification key of Tafaliscina Brazilian genera is provided, and the diversity of the subtribe is discussed in relation to the life habits and communication modalities of Tafaliscina genera.