The genus Erythrogonia Melichar, type laeta (Fabricius), was reviewed by studying characters of the female sternite VII, the internal male genitalia, and the distinctive patterns of markings on the wings, head, and pronotum. The 63 species recognized in the genus, including 27 described as new, have distribution variously in Mexico, Central America, and South America. The diagnostic characters of the males and females are illustrated in 276 figures, and a key is given for separation of the species. New species are: E. accepta, E. bakula, E. comensa, E. dottaga, E. execta, E. fractina, E, gossana, E. hertha, E. incerta, E. insolana, E. jumaca, E. kokomona, E. ladonia, E. mixta, E. notara, E. odonsera, E. priscilla, E. quissota, E. relegata, E. spottana, E. taklara, E. usabida, E. vaccoma, E. warsula, E. xiperca, E. yestula, and E. zizacula. Also, one new subspecies is included: E. sexguttata subsp. dubia.