Pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch, is a native North American crop with an endemic pest complex. Thirty percent of the nation’s pecan crop is harvested from natural stands of seedling trees. The pests of native pecan trees are regulated by a diverse array of natural enemies and by the masting behavior of pecan. Conservation of natural enemies and host plant resistance are the 2 most important biological suppression strategies used by native pecan producers. Natural enemies are conserved in native pecan groves by limiting pesticide use, using only narrowly selective insecticides, and providing a vegetatively diverse ground cover. Selective tree thinning removes individuals with demonstrated susceptibility to key pests while leaving trees with some degree of host plant resistance.