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9 January 2018 CDKN1C (P57): one of the determinants of human endometrial stromal cell decidualization
Lan Wang, Hui Yang, Linli Hu, Dan Hu, Shuxia Ma, Xuejiao Sun, Liu Jiang, Jianyuan Song, Licheng Ji, Jackson Ferdinand Masau, Hanwang Zhang, Kun Qian
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Abstract

Decidualization is regulated by crosstalk of progesterone and the cAMP pathway. It involves extensive reprogramming of gene expression and includes a wide range of functions. To investigate how cell cycle regulatory genes drive the human endometrial stromal cell (ESC) exit cell cycle and enter differentiation, primary cultured ESC was treated with 8-Br-cAMP and MPA and cell cycle distribution was investigated by flow cytometry. High-throughput cell cycle regulatory gene expression was also studied by microarray. To validate the results of microarray chip, immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative method of optical density were used to analyze the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins in proliferative phase of endometrium (n = 6) and early pregnancy decidua (n = 6). In addition, we selected cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1c (CDKN1C, also known as P57) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2b (CDKN2B, also known as P15) in order to study their role in the process of decidualization by the RNAi method. ESC was arrested at G0/G1 checkpoints during decidualization. Cell cycle regulatory genes P57 and P15 were upregulated, while cyclin D1 (CCND1), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cell division cycle protein 2 homolog (CDC2) were downregulated during ESC differentiation both in vitro and vivo. P57 siRNA impaired ESC decidualization and caused differentmorphological and ultrastructural changes as well as a relatively low secretion of prolactin, but P15 siRNA had no effects. We concluded that P15, CCND1, CDK2, and CDC2 may participate in ESC withdraw from the cell cycle and go into differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. P57 is one of the key determinants of ESC differentiation due to its effect on the cell cycle distribution, but its association with the decidua-specific transcription factor needs further investigation.

Summary Sentence

Cell cycle regulatory genes P57 and P15 are upregulated, while Cyclin D1, CDK2, and CDC2 are downregulated during the ESC differentiation and P57 is one of the key regulators that modulates ESC differentiation by controlling cell cycle distribution.

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
Lan Wang, Hui Yang, Linli Hu, Dan Hu, Shuxia Ma, Xuejiao Sun, Liu Jiang, Jianyuan Song, Licheng Ji, Jackson Ferdinand Masau, Hanwang Zhang, and Kun Qian "CDKN1C (P57): one of the determinants of human endometrial stromal cell decidualization," Biology of Reproduction 98(3), 277-285, (9 January 2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/iox187
Received: 30 July 2017; Accepted: 7 January 2018; Published: 9 January 2018
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