Polygonatum gongshanense L.H. Zhao & X.J. He (Asparagaceae), a new species from Gongshan, Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to P. cathcartii in having fleshy roots, an irregularly moniliform rhizome, opposite leaves and a pale-yellow perianth, but it differs by its pink stem, larger flowers, a retrorse spur on each of the staminal filaments, and a different ovary and fruit morphology.