Impatiens shenglanii Q.L. Gan & X.W. Li sp. nova (Balsaminaceae) is described and illustrated. It is the tallest among Chinese Impatiens, and somewhat resembles I. compta in having leaves with coarsely crenate margins, inequilateral ovate-orbicular lateral sepals, and a dorsal petal which is mucronulate at apex. However, I. shenglanii has a longer crista above the dorsal petal, lower sepal with an oblique mouth (vs. vertical in I. compta) and non-curved setose lateral united petals (vs. curved setose in I. compta). A preliminary molecular phylogenetic study suggests that I. shenglanii should be placed in Impatiens sect. Impatiens.