Fritillaria ozgeana H. Duman & Tekşen (Liliaceae) is described as a new species from Turkey. It is morphologically similar to F. carica, F. byfieldii and F. serpenticola. It differs from F. carica by broader leaves, narrower inner tepals, and broader and green rather than blackish nectaries; from F. byfieldii mainly by its higher number of leaves (4–5 vs. 2–3); and from F. serpenticola by its narrowly campanulate flowers, not blackish nectaries, and branched style. Taxonomic comments on the new species and a key to species of Fritillaria sect. Olostyleae in Turkey and Greece are provided. Pollen and seeds of F. ozgeana were examined using LM and SEM and compared with those of F. byfieldii, F. carica and F. serpenticola. IUCN conservation status of F. ozgeana is suggested as Critically Endangered (CR).