Fritillaria arzuae Tel (Liliaceae) is described as a new species from the Adıyaman Province, Turkey. It is endemic to the region and was found growing on slopes in stony areas at 1200 m a.s.l. The new species morphologically resembles F. carica and F. serpenticola. It differs from the former mainly by having a lanceolate, narrowly campanulate, yellow or sometimes reddish and smaller perigon, and from the latter by having a single leaf on the top of the stems. The pollen and seed micromorphology were studied by SEM. The conservation status was assessed to be Critically Endangered (CR).