The ant fauna of the Riyadh Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was studied and reviewed based on literature and newly collected material. In total, 93 species were collected from Riyadh Province belonging to the genera Aenictus Shuckard, 1840; Brachymyrmex Mayr, 1868; Brachyponera Emery, 1900; Camponotus Mayr, 1861; Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869; Carebara Westwood, 1840; Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850; Crematogaster Lund, 1831; Dorylus Fabricius, 1793; Hypoponera Santschi, 1938; Lepisiota Santschi, 1926; Lioponera Mayr, 1879; Messor Forel, 1890; Monomorium Mayr, 1855; Nylanderia Emery, 1906; Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1863; Pheidole Westwood, 1839; Plagiolepis Mayr, 1861; Solenopsis Westwood, 1840; Strumigenys Smith, 1860; Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915; Tapinoma Foerster, 1850; Tetramorium Mayr, 1855; Tetraponera Smith, 1852; and Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865. Eight species are recorded for the first time from the KSA namely: Cataglyphis fisheri Sharaf & Aldawood, 2015; Nylanderia indica (Forel, 1894); Cardiocondyla bicoronata Seifert, 2003; C. minutior Forel, 1899; C. melana Seifert, 2003; C. yemeni Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Trichomyrmex lameerei (Forel, 1902); and Tr. oscaris (Forel, 1894). The total number of species now known from Riyadh Province has increased from 96 to 109. These belong to 25 genera and five subfamilies. The total number of species currently known from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) increased from 237 to 245. Notes on the ecology and biology of species are provided, when available. A new combination, Trichomyrmex barbatulum (Mayr, 1877) comb. nov. is proposed.