We applied whole genome shotgun sequencing to museum specimens of longhorn beetles, and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Australian Prioninae using mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Based on the molecular phylogeny and morphological characters, we suggest downgrading the subfamily Parandrinae Blanchard to the tribe Parandrini in the Prioninae Latreille and synonymise Erichsoniini Thomson with Parandrini Blanchard. Australian Prioninae are classified in seven tribes: Catypnini Lacordaire stat. rev., Macrotomini Thomson, Osphryonini trib. nov., Parandrini Blanchard, Rhipidocerini trib. nov., Sceleocanthini Lacordaire stat. rev., and Tereticini Lameere. Tribal compositions and generic relationships are tested, and the subtribal divisions within the large tribe Macrotomini are briefly discussed.