Herein is recognized a distinctive anatomical feature associated with spiracular openings of the tracheal system of mature bee larvae. This feature, named the flexure, connects each of the 20 spiracular atria to the rest of a larva's tracheal systems. It is characterized by its greater flexibility compared with other elements in the tracheal systems. It obviously is an important link in the respiratory system of the larva, but here it is suggested that it may have a biomechanical locomotive function of expediting the forward movement of the exterior surface of the larva by mechanically decoupling the massive internal alimentary tract and fat-body from the larva's exterior covering. Further, that flexures collapse during larval diapause strongly suggests that they are involved with water conservation during long periods when mature bee larvae are inactive.
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8 May 2017
Structure and Functions of Spiracles of Mature Bee Larvae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Jerome G. Rozen
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flexure
locomotion
respiration
tracheal system