Fifty-two spider species from six families were found on Dolgiy Island in 2004. The family Linyphiidae clearly dominates (44 species), followed by Lycosidae (4 species). Among arctic islands, Dolgiy has the secondmost species-rich spider fauna after Greenland. More than 30 of the species found are unknown from other arctic islands; this is explained by the proximity of mainland. Of the species found, 14 are true arctic spiders. Dolgiy Island is the southernmost locality for e.g. Mughiphantes sobrius (Thorell, 1871), the northernmost for Xysticus canadensis Gertsch, 1934, the westernmost e.g. for Alopecosa mutabilis (Kulczyński, 1908), Mecynargus tundricola Eskov, 1988, Semljicola simplex (Kulczyński, 1908) and Silometopoides pampia (Chamberlin, 1948), and the northernmost and westernmost for Agyneta ripariensis (Tanasevitch, 1984) and Hilaira jamalensis Eskov, 1981. Praestigia makarovae Marusik, Gnelitsa & Koponen, 2008 has a small known arctic range (Dolgiy Island is the type locality). Diagnostic figures are given for poorly known linyphiids Gibothorax tchernovi Eskov, 1989 and Masikia indistincta (Kulczyński, 1908).