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1 April 2016 Variable Shifts in the Autumn Migration Phenology of Soaring Birds in Southern Spain
Micah N. Scholer, Beatriz Martín, Miguel Ferrer, Alejandro Onrubia, Marc J. Bechard, Greg S. Kaltenecker, Jay D. Carlisle
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Abstract

While alteration of the migratory habits of birds is widely regarded as one of the most evident ecological effects of climate change, studies reporting shifts in migration phenology for long-lived, long-distance migrants have been few. Using time series of count data collected in southern Spain during autumn migration, we examined the magnitude and direction of phenological shifts for six common species of soaring birds. Many current methods for investigating phenological change rely on continuous data sets; however, these data may be unavailable for a variety of reasons. We used a cross-correlation analysis, which allowed us to compare recent data on the timing of migration from 1999–2011 to a historic data set collected during 1976–1977. The direction of phenological shifts for autumn migration was species-specific. White Storks Ciconia ciconia and Black Kites Milvus migrans appeared to have delayed passage, Black Storks Ciconia nigra and European Honey Buzzards Pernis apivorus have advanced their migratory timing, and we found no clear phenological change for Short-toed Eagles Circaetus gallicus or Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus.

Micah N. Scholer, Beatriz Martín, Miguel Ferrer, Alejandro Onrubia, Marc J. Bechard, Greg S. Kaltenecker, and Jay D. Carlisle "Variable Shifts in the Autumn Migration Phenology of Soaring Birds in Southern Spain," Ardea 104(1), 83-93, (1 April 2016). https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v104i1.a7
Received: 11 February 2014; Accepted: 1 January 2016; Published: 1 April 2016
KEYWORDS
Europe
long-distance migrants
raptors
storks
Strait of Gibraltar
timing of autumn migration
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