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3 June 2021 Iodoacetic acid affects estrous cyclicity, ovarian gene expression, and hormone levels in mice
Andressa Gonsioroski, Daryl D. Meling, Liying Gao, Michael J. Plewa, Jodi A. Flaws
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Abstract

Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is a water disinfection byproduct that is an ovarian toxicant in vitro. However, information on the effects of IAA on ovarian function in vivo was limited. Thus, we determined whether IAA exposure affects estrous cyclicity, steroidogenesis, and ovarian gene expression in mice. Adult CD-1 mice were dosed with water or IAA (0.5–500 mg/L) in the drinking water for 35–40 days during which estrous cyclicity was monitored for 14 days. Ovaries were analyzed for expression of apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulators, steroidogenic factors, estrogen receptors, oxidative stress markers, and a proliferation marker. Sera were collected to measure pregnenolone, androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, inhibin B, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. IAA exposure decreased the time that the mice spent in proestrus compared to control. IAA exposure decreased expression of the proapoptotic factor Bok and the cell cycle regulator Ccnd2 compared to control. IAA exposure increased expression of the proapoptotic factors Bax and Aimf1, the antiapoptotic factor Bcl2l10, the cell cycle regulators Ccna2, Ccnb1, Ccne1, and Cdk4, and estrogen receptor Esr1 compared to control. IAA exposure decreased expression of Sod1 and increased expression of Cat, Gpx and Nrf2. IAA exposure did not affect expression of Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b1, Hsd3b1, Esr2, or Ki67 compared to control. IAA exposure decreased estradiol levels, but did not alter other hormone levels compared to control. In conclusion, IAA exposure alters estrous cyclicity, ovarian gene expression, and estradiol levels in mice.

Summary sentence

IAA exposure alters estrous cyclicity, ovarian gene expression, and estradiol levels in mice.

Graphical Abstract

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
Andressa Gonsioroski, Daryl D. Meling, Liying Gao, Michael J. Plewa, and Jodi A. Flaws "Iodoacetic acid affects estrous cyclicity, ovarian gene expression, and hormone levels in mice," Biology of Reproduction 105(4), 1030-1042, (3 June 2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioab108
Received: 3 February 2021; Accepted: 27 May 2021; Published: 3 June 2021
KEYWORDS
disinfection byproducts
estrous cycle
iodoacetic acid
ovary
steroidogenesis
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