Gout, one of the most prevalent forms of inflammatory arthritis, is characterized by severe joint pain that often interferes with or prevents daily activities. Much has been done to elucidate the causes, treatment, and prevention of gout. We know that gout typically forms due to the buildup of monosodium urate crystals in the joints due to high levels of serum uric acid. Effective treatments, in the form of urate lowering drugs, have been well established. Research has demonstrated that diets low in purine nucleotides can help prevent gout attacks. New treatment and prevention strategies are currently being developed that could change the way we look at gout in the near future. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of this disease and highlight some recent advances in the field.