An increase in pharmaceutical dumping and water treatment plants' inability to filter all contaminants negatively impact fish populations. Goldfish, Carassius auratus, exhibit spatial learning, but the effects of caffeine and sertraline on spatial learning have not been explored in this species. The objective was to determine whether the levels of caffeine and sertraline found in nature affect spatial learning in goldfish. Research was conducted with a control group of 15 goldfish under no drug influence, an experimental group of 15 goldfish under the influence of 8.5 µg/L of caffeine, and an experimental group of 15 goldfish under the influence of 164 ng/L of sertraline. Each goldfish was tested in an X-shaped maze with the correct choice (arm) colored green as a visual cue. The time and number of incorrect choices were recorded for 10 separate trials per fish. A Repeated Measures Anova was used to analyze the time required to choose the correct arm and number of incorrect choices. A Paired Samples t-test was used to determine whether the initial versus final times and the initial versus final number of incorrect choices were different. A Repeated Measures Anova was used to determine whether the direction the goldfish was assigned affected its time and incorrect choices. The control group exhibited spatial learning, the caffeine group did not exhibit spatial learning, and the sertraline group exhibited only signs of spatial learning (decrease in time to choose the correct arm, but not a decrease in number of correct choices). Inadequate screening of water through treatment plants that empty into streams could negatively impact learning in fish.