A new species and a rare species of macrourid fishes are described from the upper continental slope off northeastern Taiwan at depths between 400 and 800 m. Caelorinchus leptorhinus n. sp. is most closely similar to Caelorinchus macrorhynchus (Smith and Radcliffe), differing mainly in having the underside of the snout almost entirely naked, in contrast to fully scaled in C. macrorhynchus, and some differences in proportional measurements. Caelorinchus brevirostris Okamura, previously known only from the holotype taken in the southern Ryukyu Islands, is redescribed from 11 specimens collected off northeastern Taiwan.