Predicted reduced precipitation, enhanced evaporative demand and increasing CO₂ in the atmosphere will strongly influence wheat production. The association of wheat with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves growth under stressful conditions. Our objective was to test the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on yield, and accumulation of macro- and micro-nutrients and gliadins in grains of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) plants grown under different CO₂ concentrations and water regimes. The main factors of the experimental design were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated or non-inoculated plants); atmospheric CO₂ concentration (ambient, ACO₂, or elevated, ECO₂); and water regime (optimal or restricted water regime). At ACO₂, the simultaneous application of AMF and water deficit decreased the number of seeds per spike without affecting the biomass of grains, and grains accumulated higher contents of copper, iron, manganese, zinc and gliadins. The opposite effect was observed with ECO₂ where, regardless of mycorrhizal and water treatment factors, a general depletion of contents of micro- and macro-nutrients and gliadins was detected. Whereas mycorrhizal inoculation together with drought applied to plants cultivated at ACO₂ improved wheat grain quality parameters, under ECO₂, mycorrhization did not ameliorate grain quality parameters detected in plants that produced the largest grain dry matter values.