The foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), is a polyphagous economic pest. In this study, A. solani were fed on detached leaves of dockleaf knotweed, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre. Survival, development, and reproduction were studied at constant temperatures of 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C.These data were compared with those of controls fed on Glycines max (L.) Merrill. At 17, 20, 23, and 26 °C, the survival rate of A. solani adults fed on P. lapathifolia were lower than those fed on G. max; the adult longevity, aphid total longevity, and reproduction period were shorter. At 20, 23, and 26 °C, the adult fecundity, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and net reproductive rate of A. solani fed on P. lapathifolia were smaller than those fed on G. max. At 29 °C, the survival rate of A. solani adults fed on P. lapathifolia were higher than those fed on G. max; the adult longevity and aphid total longevity were longer. These results are consistent with our finding that A. solani feed on P. lapathifolia, which is important for studying the host adaptability of A. solani.