Hamilton's rule explains when natural selection will favor altruism between conspecifics, given their degree of relatedness. In practice, indicators of relatedness (such as scent) coevolve with strategies based on these indicators, a fact not included in previous theories of kin recognition. Using a combination of simulation modeling and mathematical extension of Hamilton's rule, we demonstrate how altruism can emerge and be sustained in a coevolutionary setting where relatedness depends on an individual's social environment and varies from one locus to another. The results support a very general expectation of widespread, and not necessarily weak, conditional altruism in nature.
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1 August 2004
ALTRUISM VIA KIN-SELECTION STRATEGIES THAT RELY ON ARBITRARY TAGS WITH WHICH THEY COEVOLVE
Robert Axelrod,
Ross A. Hammond,
Alan Grafen
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Evolution
Vol. 58 • No. 8
August 2004
Vol. 58 • No. 8
August 2004
Armpit effect
Hamilton's rule
inclusive fitness
Price equation
self-recognition
viscous population