The taxonomy of Reticulitermes Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in China is problematic and in need of revision. Most Chinese Reticulitermes species were described in the 1980s and 1990s, and have never been studied since then. In this study, morphological characteristics including coloration, pilosity, shape, and morphometric characteristics of Reticulitermes dichrous Ping and Reticulitermes guangzhouensis Ping were compared. In addition, a portion of the ribosomal RNA large subunit 16S (16S rRNA) and the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) genes from different populations of the 2 species were sequenced and analyzed. Morphological comparisons revealed the similarities between the 2 species in both discrete and morphometric characteristics. In the molecular phylogenetic trees inferred from COII and 16S rRNA genes, all of the examined populations of the 2 species clustered into a common clade with a high bootstrap value. Based on the morphological comparisons and the molecular analyses, it is proposed that R. dichrous is a junior synonym of R. guangzhouensis.