Diagnosis. R₅ joining C beyond the wing apex; Rs closer to the end of R₁ than to the arculus; palpi 3- or 4-segmented; antennae with binodal or gynecoid flagellomeres, and 3 separate circumfila (in male) or interconnected circumfila (in female); tarsal claws curved near basal third, toothed; ovipositor short, barely protrusible and female cerci separate (Maia et al. 2010; Maia 2015).

DESCRIPTION

Adult. Male — Light brown. Body: 1.3 mm long (male, n = 4); 1.6 mm long (female, n = 1). Head: Eyes black, holoptic, facets hexagonal, closely adjacent. Occipital process present. Frontoclypeus with 6 long setae; labrum triangular with 4 pairs of setae; hypopharynx of the same shape as labrum; labella convex, each with 6 long lateral setae; palpi total length, 0.1 mm, palpi 4-segmented. Antennae: Scape and pedicel, 0.05 mm long and maximum length; scape broader distally; 12 binodal tricircumfilar flagellomeres; circumfila whorls regular in length in males (Fig. 1) and 12 cylindrical flagellomeres with interconnected circumfila in females (Fig. 2); apical process present (Fig. 3); setulose necks in both sexes. Thorax: Scutum and scutellum dark brown. Scutum with 2 rows of dorsocentral setae, anepimeron with 10 setae, laterotergite with 2 trichoid sensilla, other sclerites bare. Legs: long, thick, first tarsomere without spur; tarsal claws simple, bend near midlength; empodia shorter than claws (Fig. 4). Wings: 1.2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide in males (n = 4), and 1.3 mm long and 0.6 mm wide in female (n = 1) (Fig. 5). Abdomen: Tergites 1–7 rectangular completely sclerotized, with a complete row of posterior setae in males and females; tergite 8 not sclerotized in males and only caudally in females. Trichoid sensilla absent in males and in the female. Sternites 1–7 weakly sclerotized in males and female with a complete row of posterior setae. Sternites 8–9 not sclerotized in female. Trichoid sensilla absent in sternites in males and female. Male terminalia (Fig. 6): Gonocoxites narrow with discrete rounded mesobasal lobe; gonostylus narrow; longer than gonocoxite, sparsely covered with setae and microsetulae, group of 10 trichoid sensillae at the basal region; gonostylus teeth entire. Cerci setose and bilobed, outer lobe longer than the inner; hypoproct short, not deeply bilobed, with 1 strong setae at apex of each lobe, and as long as inner cercus lobe; parameres absent; aedeagus elongate, tapering gradually to the apex, and 1.5 longer than hypoproct. Apex of aedeagus with an irregular edge. Ovipositor (Fig. 7): 0.1 mm long; protrusible, cerci ovoid, separate and setose, 2 setae longer than the others; hypoproct slightly bilobed and covered by setulae.

Pupa. Light brown. Body: 1.65 mm long (n = 3). Head: Antennal horns, 0.07 mm long, triangular, smooth edges, and sclerotized. Cephalic setae short (0.05 mm); upper frontal horn present and lower frontal horn absent, 2 pairs of lower facial papillae per side, 1 pair asetose and 1 setose, lateral facial papillae absent; edge of cephalic capsule thickening and sclerotized (Fig. 8). Thorax: Prothoracic spiracle cylindrical, 0.06 mm long (Fig. 9). Wing reaching third abdominal segment; all pairs of legs reaching sixth abdominal segment. Abdomen: Abdominal tergites 1–2 with tiny dorsal spines, tergites 3–8 with short and medium dorsal spines (Fig. 10). Terminal segment 0.2 mm long; 0.3 mm wide. Integument rough.

Larva 3rd instar. Yellowish. Body: 0.7 mm long (n = 1). Anterior region not visible in the slide mounting. Terminal segment with 3 pairs of papillae of equal size, ventral anus in cleft (Fig. 11).

Type Material. HOLOTYPE male, Chapada dos Guimarães (Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães), Mato Grosso, Brazil (Cachoeira Véu da Noiva, 15.4361°S, 55.7897°W), reared from leaf galls of M. guianensis, 9 Jul 2012 by Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães, emerged 11 Jul 2012 (Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). PARATYPES, 3 males, 1 female, 2 pupal exuviae, 1 larva collected and reared with holotype (Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the generic name of the host plant.

Gall and biology. Cylindrical, green, unilocular, orange trichoma densely distributed on top of the gall on M. guianensis. Orange trichoma closes the top of gall forming an inner capsule that protects the immature (Fig. 12). Pupation occurs in the gall.

Remarks. Running the key to segregation of Lopesia species (Rodrigues & Maia 2010), we observed that the specimens studied do not belong to any described species, although L. mataybae sp. nov. shares setulose flagellomere necks (couplet 1), narrow gonocoxites (couplet 2′), gynecoid male flagellomere (couplet 7), and wing with Rs joining R1 after its midlength (couplet 8) with L. elliptica Maia, 2003 (Madeira et al. 2003); tarsal claws 1-toothed with (couplet 8′) L. maricaensis Rodrigues & Maia, 2010 (Rodrigues & Maia 2010), and antennal horn of pupa developed (couplet 1), conspicuous apical setae of pupa, 0.05 mm long (couplets 2 and 3′), simple dorsal abdominal spines of pupa present, (couplets 4′ and 6) with L. spinosa Maia, 2004. Despite the similarities, the following set of characteristics differentiates L. mataybae sp. nov. from its congeners: palpi 4-segmented; male cerci bilobed, with outer lobe longer than inner; male hypoproct short, as long as inner cercus lobe; aedeagus 1.5 times longer than hypoproct; apex of aedeagus with irregular edge; and inducing galls on M. guianensis.

DESCRIPTION

Adult. Male — Light brown. Body: 1.5 mm long (male, n = 2); 1.7 mm long (female, n = 1). Head: Eyes black, holoptic, facets circular, closely adjacent. Occipital process present. Frontoclypeus with 8–10 long setae; labrum triangular with 3 pairs of setae; hypopharynx of the same shape as labrum; labella elongate-convex, each with 8–10 long lateral setae; palpi total length, 0.1 mm, 4-segmented. Antennae: Total length, 0.9 mm (male); scape and pedicel, 0.06 mm long and maximum wide; scape broader distally; 12 binodal tricircumfilar flagellomeres; circumfila whorls regular in length (Fig. 13). Female flagellomeres cylindrical with interconnected circumfila (Fig. 14); apical process present (as in Fig. 23); setulose necks in both sexes. Thorax: Scutum and scutellum dark brown. Scutum with 2 rows of dorsocentral setae, anepimeron with 14 setae, laterotergite with a pair of trichoid sensilla near the halter base, other sclerites bare. Legs: First tarsomere without spur; tarsal claws 1-toothed and bent near midlength, empodia reaching bend in claws (Fig. 15). Wings (as in Fig. 5): 1.2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide in male, and 1.6 mm long and 0.5 mm wide in the female. Abdomen: Tergites 1–7 rectangular, completely sclerotized, and a complete row of posterior setae in male and female; tergite 8 not sclerotized in males and female. Trichoid sensilla present at tergites 6–7 in males and absent in females. Sternites 1–8 sclerotized in males and with a complete row of posterior setae. Sternites 8–9 not sclerotized in the female. Male terminalia (Fig. 16): Gonocoxites narrow and with mesobasal lobe rounded and discrete, with setae placed only on external surface; gonostylus clavate, shorter than gonocoxite and sparsely covered with setae and microsetulae, group of 8 sensillae at basal region; gonostylus teeth entire and discrete; cercus bilobed and triangular-shape with straight apex; hypoproct deeply bilobed and setose, with apex rounded; each lobe with few strong setae at tip; parameres absent, aedeagus wide and elongated; rounded at apex and 1.5 longer than hypoproct. Ovipositor (as in Fig. 7): 0.08 mm long; slightly protrusible, cerci separate, ovoid and setose, 2 setae longer than the others; hypoproct short and covered by setulae.

Pupa. Dark brown. Body: 1.4 mm long (n = 1). Head: Antennal horns, 0.07 mm long, triangular, sclerotized at the base; upper horn present (Fig. 17). Due to the developed pupal stage, some structures were not visible such as cephalic setae, and facial lower and lateral papillae. Thorax: Wing reaching third abdominal segment; foreleg and midleg reaching third abdominal segment and hind leg reaching sternite 8. Prothoracic spiracle cylindrical, 0.16 mm length (Fig. 17). Abdomen: Abdominal tergites with dorsal spines absent. Integument smooth. Terminal segment 0.15 mm long; 0.1 mm wide.

Larva 3rd instar. Cream. Body length, 1.4 mm (n = 1). Spatula 2-toothed with long sclerotized stalk, length 0.15 mm, enlarged in the posterior region (Fig. 18). Lateral papillae in 2 groups of 3 papillae without setae. Terminal segment with 2 corniform papillae each side, ventral anus in cleft (Fig. 19).

Types. HOLOTYPE male, Chapada dos Guimarães (Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães), Mato Grosso, Brazil (Vale do Eco, 15.4093°S, 55.8330°W), reared from leaf galls of A. vermifuga, 10 Jul 2012 by Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães, emerged 15 Jul 2012 (Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). PARATYPES, 1 male, 1 female, 1 pupal exuvia, 1 larva collected and reared with holotype (Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species, the Chapada dos Guimarães municipality.

Gall and biology. Globoid shape, smooth, light green, unilocular leaf gall on A. vermifuga (Fig. 20). Pupation occurs in the gall.

Remarks. Running the key key to segregation of Lopesia species (Rodrigues & Maia 2010), we observed that the specimens studied do not belong to any species described, although L. chapadensis sp. nov. shares with L. caulinaris Maia, and L. mataybae sp. nov. the setulose flagellomere necks (couplet 1), narrow gonocoxites (couplet 2′), and male flagellomere gynecoid (couplet 7); wing with Rs joining R1 after its midlength (couplet 8) with L. elliptica Maia, 2003 (Madeira et al. 2003), tarsal claws 1-toothed with (couplet 8′) with L. maricaensis Rodrigues & Maia, 2010 (Rodrigues & Maia 2010); presence of larval prothoracic spatula with 2 teeth (couplets 1, 2′, and 3), terminal segment of larva without reentrancy and terminal papillae equally long (couplets 4 and 5′), posterior margin of larval prothoracic spatula large and teeth of prothoracic spatula spaced apart, with lateral process and rounded at apex (couplets 7, 8′, and 9) with L. linearis Maia, 2003.

Despite those similarities, the following set of characteristics differentiates L. mataybae sp. nov. from its congeners: male cerci triangular and bilobed with rounded apex; aedeagus large and wide, larval terminal segment with 2 corniform papillae each side (as L. davillae Maia) and inducing galls on A. vermifuga.

DESCRIPTION

Adult. Male — Light brown. Body: 1.7 mm long (male, n = 2); 1.8 mm long (female, n = 5). Head: Eyes black, holoptic, facets circular, closely adjacent. Occipital process present. Frontoclypeus with 5 long setae; labrum triangular with 3 pairs of setae; hypopharynx of the same shape as labrum; labella elongate-convex, each with 6 lateral setae; palpi total length, 0.3 mm, palpi 4-segmented. Antennae: Total length, 0.9 mm in male and 0.7 in female; scape and pedicel length, 0.2 mm; 12 binodal flagellomeres; tricircumfilar, circumfila whorls basal and distal long, regular in length and mesal circumfila appressed to flagellomere body (Fig. 21); female flagellomeres cylindrical, with interconnected circumfila (Fig. 22); setulose necks and apical process present (Fig. 23); in both sexes. Thorax: Scutum and scutellum brown. Scutum with 1 row of dorsal setae and 1 row of lateral setae, anepimeron with 10 setae, katepisternum and anepistenum bare, laterotergite bare, mediotergite bare. Legs: First tarsomere without spur; tarsal claws toothed and bent near the base. Empodia reaching the bend in claws. Tarsal claws bent near midlength and toothed; empodia as long as the bend in claws (Fig. 24). Wings (as in Fig. 5): 1.3 mm long and 0.5 mm wide (male); 1.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide (female). Abdomen: Tergites 1–7 rectangular, sclerotized with a complete row of posterior setae in males and female; tergite 8 not sclerotized in males and female. Trichoid sensilla absent. Sternites 1–6 weakly sclerotized in males and females with a complete row of posterior setae. Sternites 7–8 not sclerotized in both sexes. Male terminalia (Fig. 25): Gonocoxites elongated, narrow and with mesobasal lobe rounded and discrete; gonostylus clavate, bigger than gonocoxite, presence of several setae at lower margin, group of 6 sensillae at basal region; gonostylus teeth entire and discrete; cercus wide, bilobed with rounded apex; hypoproct deeply bilobed and setose, lobes apex rounded, same size as cercus, each lobe with some strong setae at tip; aedeagus narrow and elongated; rounded at apex and 1.5 longer than hypoproct; parameres absent. Ovipositor (as in Fig. 7): length, 0.15 mm; slightly protrusible, cerci separate, ovoid and setose, 2 setae longer than the others; hypoproct short and covered by setulae.

Pupa. Dark brown. Body: 1.9 mm long (n = 6). Head: Antennal horns, 0.1 mm long, triangular, dentate and sclerotized, presence of 3 asetose papillae on each horn (Fig. 26). Cephalic seta short (0.02 mm); 2 pairs of lower facial papillae, 1 asetose and 1 setose; 2 pairs of lateral facial papillae (1 asetose and 1 setose). Cephalic lateral spine rectangular. Thorax: Wing reaching second abdominal segment; foreleg, midleg, and hind leg reaching fourth abdominal segment. Prothoracic spiracle setiform and well developed (length: 0.23 mm). Abdomen: Abdominal tergites 1–8 completely covered with micro spines. Abdominal tergite 1 without dorsal spines. Abdominal tergites 2–6 with 1 row of conspicuous spines varying in number. Spiracles present in dorsal tergites 2–6 and absent in tergites 7–9. Integument smooth. Terminal segment, 0.1 mm in length and width (Fig. 27).

Larva 3rd instar. Cream. Body length, 1.7 mm (n = 2). Spatula 2-toothed with long stalk, 0.1 mm long. Stalk strongly sclerotized in the upper and middle region, posterior region enlarged. Lateral papillae in 2 groups of 3 papillae, 2 setose and 1 asetose (Fig. 28). Terminal segment with 3 pairs of corniform papillae and 2 pairs of ventral papillae without setae, ventral anus in cleft (Fig. 29). Integument rough.

Types. HOLOTYPE male, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (Praia do Cedro, 23.5391°S, 45.1713°W), reared from leaf galls of Clidemia sp. (Melastomataceae), 26 Mar 2016 by Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães, emerged 29 Jul 2016 (Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). PARATYPES, 1 male, 5 female, 2 pupal exuvia, 1 larva collected and reared with holotype (Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species, the Ubatuba municipality.

Gall and biology. Globoid shape, green, red hairy, unilocular leaf gall in Clidemia sp. (Melastomataceae) (Fig. 30). Tavares (1917) made references to a cecidomyiid as inducer of hairy, spherical galls on twigs and leaves of Clidemia sp. from Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Despite the entire plant being collected, their specific identification was not possible because the plant was collected without the reproductive organs. Pupation occurs in the gall.

Remarks. Running the key to segregation of Lopesia species (Rodrigues & Maia 2010), we observed that the specimens studied resemble Lopesia erythroxyli (Rodrigues & Maia) in the setulose flagellomere necks (couplet 1), narrow gonocoxites (couplet 2′), male flagellomere not gynecoid (couplet 7′); mesal circumfila with reduced circumfilar loops (couplet 9′); L. ubatubensis sp. nov. shares the narrow gonostylus with L. conspicua Maia, 2003, and the short mesobasal lobe with L. similis Maia, 2004 (Narahara et al. 2004; Madeira et al. 2003). Also it is similar in the developed pupal antennal horn (couplet 1), conspicuous apical setae of pupa, 0.02 mm long (couplets 2 and 3′), pupal dorsal abdominal spines present and simple (couplets 4 and 6) with L. spinosa Maia, 2004; and shares with L. caulinaris Maia, 2003, the presence of larval prothoracic spatula with 2 teeth (couplets 1, 2′, and 3), terminal segment with weak reentrancy and with terminal papillae equally long (couplets 4′ and 5′), posterior margin of larval prothoracic spatula large and with sharp teeth spaced apart, with lateral process at apex (couplets 7′, 8′, and 9′), larval terminal segment with 2 lateral lobes at the posterior end (couplet 10) (Madeira et al. 2003).

The following set of characteristics differentiates L. ubatubensis sp. nov. from its congeners: pupal antennal horns dentate and sclerotized with 3 papillae on each horn and cephalic lateral spine rectangular in pupae, male flagellomeres tricircumfilar; with mesal circumfila appressed to flagellomere; gonocoxites without medial constriction; and inducing galls in leaf of Clidemia sp.