Based on morphological characters and recent molecular evidence, Capparidastrum subgenus Pachycarpum (Capparaceae) is raised to generic status. As Pachycarpus is a previous and valid generic name of Apocynaceae (Asclepiadoideae), Neocapparis is here proposed as a new generic name for Capparidastrum subgenus Pachycarpum. Two new combinations for species previously placed in Capparidastrum are presented here: Neocapparis pachaca and Neocapparis quina. The new genus is restricted to Neotropical dry forests, ranging from Mexico to northern Colombia and Venezuela and disjunct to western Ecuador and Peru. Illustrations of species and full citation of collections are provided.