Three new species of praying mantids from the forest remnants of Panay Island, Philippines are described and illustrated. Pliacanthopus (Malayamantis) visayanusn. sp. extends the distribution of the genus, so far only known from Sundaland, to the Philippine archipelago. Compsogusa rheaen. gen. n. sp. and Theopompa schulzeorumn. sp. are bark mantids endemic to Panay. The ecological adaptations and the systematic and biogeographic affinities of the new taxa are discussed.