Discovery of snakeworm gnats in Alaska: a new species of Sciara Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) based on morphological, molecular, and citizen science data

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30 December 2023 Discovery of snakeworm gnats in Alaska: a new species of Sciara Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) based on morphological, molecular, and citizen science data

Thalles P. Lavinscky Pereira, Kai Heller, Mitsuaki Sutou, Derek S. Sikes

Author Affiliations +

Thalles P. Lavinscky Pereirahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-3643,^*,** Kai Hellerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-5302,^*** Mitsuaki Sutou,^**** Derek S. Sikeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-2365^*****

^*Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
^**e-mail (corresponding author): thallesplp@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-3643
^***Stückenberg 58, 24226 Heikendorf, Germany; e-mail: kaiheller@gmx.de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-5302
^****Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8902 Tokyo, Japan; e-mail: mi.sutou@r8.dion.ne.jp
^*****University of Alaska Museum and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1962 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960, USA; e-mail: dssikes@alaska.edu; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-2365

Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, 6(2):91-111 (2023). https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.673937

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Fig. 1.

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IQ-TREE estimate of the mtDNA gene tree. Tip labels include the BOLD process ID, taxon, country, province or state, and the BOLD BIN, if known. Alaskan Sciara serpens Pereira, Heller & Sutou, sp. n. sequences highlighted in blue.

Fig. 2.

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Sciara minor Strobl, 1898, male. a. Hypopygium, ventral view. b. Apex of gonostylus, ventral view. c. 4th flagellomere, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3.

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Sciara serpens Pereira, Heller & Sutou, sp. n., male. a. Hypopygium, ventral view. b. Scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres 1–4, lateral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 4.

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Sciara serpens Pereira, Heller & Sutou, sp. n. a–e. Larval mass movement behavior. White circle (d) showing Mycetoporus americanus Erichson (UAM:Ento:24892) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) running alongside the Sciara serpens sp. n. snakeworm. (Photos: Margaret Billington [a]; DEREK Sikes [b–e])

Fig. 5.

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Sciara serpens Pereira, Heller & Sutou, sp. n., preimaginal stages and adults. a. Male front, female back. b. Female. c. Egg mass laid by reared specimens. d. Pupae.

Fig. 6.

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Snakeworm sightings in North and Central America. White dots: localities of Sciara serpens sp. n.; red dots: localities of other snakeworms without genus/species identification.

Appendix 1.

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DNA voucher specimen data from target and representative Sciara and outgroup species from BOLD and GenBank.

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ARTICLE SOURCE

Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History
Vol. 6 • No. 2
2023

KEYWORDS

armyworms

black fungus gnats

COI sequence

DNA barcoding

iNaturalist

taxonomy

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Thalles P. Lavinscky Pereira, Kai Heller, Mitsuaki Sutou, Derek S. Sikes "Discovery of snakeworm gnats in Alaska: a new species of Sciara Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) based on morphological, molecular, and citizen science data," Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, 6(2), 91-111, (30 December 2023)

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