Wang, M.-F., 2023. The application of marine customs, traditions, and beliefs into Hakka culture-based creative product design. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(6), 1180–1193. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

The government and civil groups in Taiwan have long dedicated themselves to the design of creative Hakka products. Although there has been some progress, originality and distinctiveness are lacking when it comes to the use of Hakka cultural elements and product attributes. The design model for the present study is based on national and international literature that analyzed symbolism, metaphysics, three layered culture, reverse-triangular cultural space, Zen aesthetics, etc., and honest feedback based on the actual feeling toward the culture. The difference of Laozi's philosophy in this model can contribute to the different cognition of the culture in various aspects in the time axis and provide diverse views of the culture. Therefore, this study proposed the theory of cultural realism and virtualism by introducing philosophical and mathematical methods and applying the concepts of realism and virtualism to deconstruct and construct cultural elements and implement the design of marine culture and belief in Hakka cultural-based creative products. Therefore, by constructing and optimizing the design processes and incorporating the oceanic culture and religious beliefs, it is possible to increase the value of creative Hakka products, leading to better understanding of the Hakka culture and greater self-identification, it contributes to the multiple theories and thinking modes of design education.