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20 May 2016 Horizontal Transfer of Spinosad in Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
D. Bhatta, G. Henderson
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Abstract

Slow-acting and nonrepellent termiticides are possible candidates for nestmate to nestmate transfer called horizontal transfer. For the horizontal transfer study of spinosad, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was released in sand and soil at 1, 25, and 50 ppm Entrust® for 1 h and then mixed with healthy untreated termites for 21 d at the ratio of 1:1. Donor and recipient termites began to contact and groom each other immediately after release. Mortality of termites was recorded at 1, 3, 7, and 14 d after treatment. Spinosad was more effectively transferred in sand than in soil. In sand at 25 and 50 ppm, significantly high mortality of donors and recipients was observed after 7 d. When termites were exposed to treated soil at day 21, all three concentrations resulted in significantly higher mortality compared to the control. In our laboratory study, spinosad was effectively transferred by donor termites. Transfer of spinosad depended on its bioavailability and concentration. Further study is needed to address its effects against C. formosanus under field conditions.

© The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com
D. Bhatta and G. Henderson "Horizontal Transfer of Spinosad in Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)," Journal of Economic Entomology 109(4), 1813-1818, (20 May 2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow094
Received: 23 January 2016; Accepted: 10 April 2016; Published: 20 May 2016
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KEYWORDS
biopesticide
Formosan subterranean termite
mortality
nestmate
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