The relative efficacy of an insecticide program and an insecticide plus mating disruption program using a sprayable pheromone formulation or a hand-applied pheromone dispenser was compared for control of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) at three commercial apple farms in a production area along the north shore of Lake Ontario, Canada, during 2000, 2001, and 2002. The average rate of disruption ranged from 50 to 80% in blocks of orchard treated with sprayable pheromone and from 84 to 98% in blocks treated with the hand-applied dispenser. The average proportion of shoots with larval feeding injury ranged from 0.002 to 0.09, 0.001 to 0.09, and 0.005 to 0.13 in the insecticide, insecticide plus sprayable pheromone, and insecticide plus hand-applied dispenser treatments, respectively, during the 3-yr study. The percentage of fruit with damage caused by spring, summer and overwintering larvae ranged from 0.03 to 0.06, 0.01 to 0.02, and 0.01 to 0.03 in the insecticide, insecticide plus sprayable pheromone, and insecticide plus hand-applied dispenser treatments, respectively. The addition of sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption to a conventional, insecticide-based program did not provide additional control of C. rosaceana feeding injury to shoots or fruit. The possible reasons for the failure of mating disruption to provide additional control are discussed.