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1 July 2014 Parkia biglobosa-Dominated Cultural Landscape: An Ethnohistory of the Dagomba Political Institution in Farmed Parkland of Northern Ghana
Yuka Tomomatsu
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Abstract

Tree landscapes are a living testimony of local history and culture that evolve through human interactions with the environment. An example of such a landscape is the “farmed parkland” of the West African savanna region, in which trees are scattered throughout cultivated and recently fallowed fields. While the dominant woody composition of farmed parkland is known to vary regionally by ethnic group, little attention has been paid in the studies of farmed parklands to social components that shape the cultural landscape dominated by particular tree species. In order to examine the potential role of trees in social systems, this paper explores Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.-dominated farmed parkland in the Dagomba areas of northern Ghana using an ethnohistorical analysis that combines ethnographic and geographic data. The results illustrate both the effects that an ethnically specific tree tenure system has had on shaping a P. biglobosa-dominated landscape, and also the coevolution of Dagomba social systems and P. biglobosa landscapes in northern Ghana since the fifteenth century. The implications for future management of farmed parklands as cultural landscapes are also discussed.

西アフリカのサバンナ地域には, 耕作地や休閑地に樹木が点在する「農地林」景観が広がっている。農地林の優占樹種はその土地の民族によって異なることが多いものの, 樹種の優占に影響を与えうる民族特有の社会的要素, および農地林の多様な景観に秘められた文化的,・歴史的価値はこれまでほとんど着目されてこなかった。本研究では, ガーナ北部のダゴンバの人々が居住する地域において, Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. が優占する農地林景観が生み出され, 維持されてきた過程を, 民族誌と地理データの歴史分析によって明らかにする。調査から, P. biglobosa が優占する農地林景観は, 15世紀より先住民の土地が侵略され, 新たな支配者が P. biglobosaを権力の象徴として所有したことで形成されていったことが明らかになった。それ以降, P. biglobosa が優占する景観は, 社会·政治的環境の変化によって大衆化された政治文化のなかで, その象徴的意味を変容させながら, 人々と自然環境の長い相互関係の歴史を映し出すものとして存在し続けている。この価値ある農地林の文化景観を維持するため, 今後の保全のあり方を考察して結びとする。

Society of Ethnobiology
Yuka Tomomatsu "Parkia biglobosa-Dominated Cultural Landscape: An Ethnohistory of the Dagomba Political Institution in Farmed Parkland of Northern Ghana," Journal of Ethnobiology 34(2), 153-174, (1 July 2014). https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-34.2.153
Published: 1 July 2014
JOURNAL ARTICLE
22 PAGES

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KEYWORDS
customary authority
ethnoecology
land tenure
tree tenure
West Africa
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