Daily energy expenditure (DEE) and daily food intake (DFI) are key parameters in estimating population level consumption by cormorants. A number of different methods are still employed in estimating these parameters along with different estimates for assimilation efficiency (if used) and prey energy density. The pellet/fish size reconstruction and percent adult body weight methods underestimate DFI for a number of reasons including an implied underestimation of DEE. In the absence of study-specific data, an assimilation efficiency of 0.80 and prey energy density of 5.42 kJ·g-1 are recommended. The bioenergetic model for field metabolic rate from Ellis and Gabrielsen (2002) is recommended for adults during the nesting season and their model for basal metabolic rate (BMR × 2.5) is recommended for adults or sub-adults outside the nesting season. Comparisons between empirical and bioenergetic models for chick DFI are also made with recommendations on estimating DFI.
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1 March 2010
A Review of Estimates of Daily Energy Expenditure and Food Intake in Cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.)
Mark S. Ridgway
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Journal of Great Lakes Research
Vol. 36 • No. 1
July 2010
Vol. 36 • No. 1
July 2010
bioenergetics
Double-crested Cormorant
Energy expenditure
Great Lakes