A single 30 mg/kg dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) was administered orally (n = 17) and intravenously (n = 13) in a crossover study design, with a 10 day washout period, to determine drug pharmacokinetics in healthy adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Blood samples were collected at 0 (pretreatment), 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h after PO and IV drug administration, including a 6 h sample for the IV protocol. Plasma drug concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and oral bioavailability of trimethoprim (>100%) and sulfamethoxazole (69.4%) were then established. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a two-stage, noncompartmental analysis of naïve-averaged data. Following the crossover study, a multidose drug trial was performed to determine steady-state nädir plasma drug concentrations. Green iguanas (n=10) were given 30 mg/kg TMS PO once daily for 7 days, with blood collected from each animal on the eighth day, 24 h after the final dose of TMS. Based on once daily oral dosing for 7 days, steady-state nädir drug concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were 396 ± 116 and 5,290 ± 5,130 µg/l, which are below the minimum inhibitory concentrations breakpoints of TMS (≤2 µg per ml/38 µg per ml for susceptible organisms and ≥4 µg per ml/76 µg per ml for resistant organisms) for human isolates, per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. However, the ratio of trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole remained greater than 1:40 up to 12 h after single oral dose exposure and at the 24 h sampling after multiple dosing at steady-state.
How to translate text using browser tools
16 September 2022
Pharmacokinetics of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)
Spencer Kehoe,
Stephen Divers,
Joerg Mayer,
Jessica Comolli,
Shanese L. Jasper,
Robert D. Arnold
ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE
It is not available for individual sale.
This article is only available to subscribers.
It is not available for individual sale.
It is not available for individual sale.
Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics
green iguana
Iguana iguana
oral bioavailability
TMS
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole