This article reviews systematically relevant clinical data of rFSH for COS on ART, which were mainly obtained in the Cochrane library, PubMed, MEDLINE, and reference lists of articles. HMG and rFSH have both been used equally successful for COS in ART. However the other review has concluded a statistically significant increase in clinical pregnancy rate with rFSH compared to uFSH, when used for COS in standard IVF cycles and not in cycles in which ICSI was used. Recombinant FSH is a new treatment option for Japanese women undergoing COS for ART with several advantages over conventional urinary gonadotropin preparations. Since SC administration of rFSH is safe, efficacious, and acceptable, the availability of rFSH as a ready-for-use solution supplied in an injector system may make its administration, in particular self-administration by the patient or her partner. The current study indicates that the use of rFSH is not associated with a higher incidence of obstetrical and neonatal problems compared to urinary gonadotropins.